清初黟县鱼鳞册所见乡村社会的土地租佃关系  

Study on the Fish-Scale Invertory of Yi County in Huizhou in the Early Period of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：汪庆元[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省博物馆,安徽合肥230061

出　　处：《古今农业》2011年第4期52-60,共9页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：国家社科基金项目07BZS019<清代徽州鱼鳞图册研究>成果之一

摘　　要：清顺治年间黟县推行土地清丈、攒造鱼鳞图册。鱼鳞册在黟县乡村经济和法制生活中发挥作用,府县官吏审理土地案件以鱼鳞册登记为凭。《黟县顺治年清丈册》登记田、地、山5000余亩,"山"在90%以上。册载60%以上的土地属地主、族产所有。该册为都图册籍,登记分庄占有土地有的在毫厘之间,呈现出小土地占有的复杂形态。在册500余亩田、地,佃人占有田面权达80%,清代永佃制获得发展。佃仆制的生产关系不利于乡村社会的稳定,明末清初佃仆斗争促进了租佃关系的发展,客观上为黟县古村落的繁荣创造了条件。In the Shunzhi period of Qing dynasty,the government of Yi County measured land and compiled the fish-scale invertory.Playing an important role on economic life and legal system of Yi County,the fish-scale booklet had been used as a voucher during hearing the cases of land disputes.According to the Yi County Inventory in the Shunzhi Period of the Qing Dynasty,over 60% of lands were owned by landlords and clans.This inventory was officially compiled by the township＇s administration.The landed properties with different owners,which were registered in accurate area of square millimeter and square centimeter,demonstrate the complex forms of holding lands.Among over 500 mus of lands and farmlands recorded,tenant farmers owned 80% of the land rights,showing that the Permanent Tenant Farming system had gained development in the Qing Dynasty.The production relation of Tenant Servant System is not conductive to the stability of rural society.During the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasties,the tenant farmers＇ struggles not only promoted the development of the relation to rent lands to tenants,but also objectively created conditions for the blooming of old villages in Yi County.

关 键 词：清初 鱼鳞册 土地占有 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济]