普什图人与普什图尼斯坦问题  

The Pashtun People and the Pashtunistan Issue

作　　者：于卫青[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院博士后流动站

出　　处：《世界民族》2011年第6期26-34,共9页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金："中国博士后科学基金"(项目号:20100471601)资助;广东省高校人文社科育苗工程项目(项目号:WYM08001)资助

摘　　要：普什图人是南亚、中亚交界地区的一个古老民族,至今仍保留着部落社会的特征。普什图人的发展壮大推动了阿富汗民族国家的建立。1893年,英国强迫阿富汗接受划分双方边界的"杜兰线",普什图人被一分为二,成为跨界民族。随着印巴分治和巴基斯坦建国,阿富汗与巴基斯坦之间爆发了关于巴属普什图人地位和归属问题的"普什图尼斯坦"争端。基于普什图民族主义的思想和国内民族、政治现实的需要,阿富汗在普什图尼斯坦问题上立场强硬。巴基斯坦对普什图人地区的政策措施消除了普什图民族主义运动造成的分离威胁。阿、巴双方理性、务实地处理普什图尼斯坦问题,有助于普什图人的自身发展和地区局势的稳定。Pashtun, still as a tribe people, is an ancient ethnic group living in the areabordering South and Central Asia. The development and expansion of Pashtuns promoted the founding of the nation - state of Afghanistan. In 1893, Pashtuns were divided into two groups by the ＂Durand Line＂ demarcated by the British and thus became a cross-border ethnic group. Later as the result of the India-Pakistan Partition and the founding of Pakistan, the Pashtunistan Issue concerning the status and attribution of Pashtuns broke out between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Considering Pashtunistan nationalist ideology and internal ethnic and political reality, Afghanistan played a hard-liner in the Issue. Meanwhile, Pakistan implemented a policy in the Pashtunistan area to eliminate the separatist threat imposed by the Pashtunistan nationalist movement. The rational and practical handling of the Issue by the two governments contributed to the self-development of Pashtuns and regional stability.

关 键 词：普什图人 普什图尼斯坦问题 阿富汗 巴基斯坦 

分 类 号：D737.2[政治法律—政治学]