宗教批判之图式:知性、理性和实践  

Schema of Criticism on Religion: Intellectuality,Rationality and Practice

作　　者：商逾[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《理论学刊》2011年第11期57-63,128,共7页Theory Journal

摘　　要：从启蒙思想家的理智性宗教到黑格尔的理性宗教再到马克思对宗教的解构,宗教批判图式经历了从知性、理性再到实践的深度延展。启蒙思想家和黑格尔对宗教之批判仍停驻于观念的王国中,费尔巴哈使批判从天国下降到尘世,实现了神学世俗化之还原,马克思以生产实践为解读依据,通过对宗教奥秘的经济学解码,敞开了被宗教遮蔽的历史内容,完成了宗教批判的实践转向。启蒙对宗教采取知性形而上学之批判方法,规避了宗教中飘忽不定的非理性要素,避居于理智之无可辩驳、永恒的自然法则中,建立了理智性宗教。黑格尔站在理性辩证批判之立场上,从宗教中汲取了人性最深刻的灵感和富源,克服了理智性宗教的道德缺位,把全部理智力量和道德力量扩展到上帝的概念中,使神学置于绝对理性辩证演化之下,建立了真正的理性宗教。马克思在实践基础上廓清了宗教史上对宗教本质的迷雾般幻象,以经济科学为依据,深度解读了经济异化与宗教异化之间的隐秘链接,显示了历史决定论的方法论力量。From enlightenment thinkers' intellectual religion to Hegel's rational religion and to Marx's deconstruction of religion,schema of criticism on religion has experienced deepening extension from intellectuality to rationality and Practice.While enlightenment thinkers and Hegel's criticism on religion wandered about the kingdom of concept,Feuerbach made the criticism fall down the world from heaven by secularizing theology.In contrast,Marx made a practice turn of criticism on religion through some economic decoding of religious arcana.Specifically speaking,enlightenment thinkers,adopting the critical method of intellectual metaphysics,evaded irrational elements in religion and founded the intellectual religion;Hegel,taking a stand of rational dialectical criticism,absorbed inspiration and bonanza of humanity and extended all intellectual and moral strength into concept of the God to establish a real rational religion;Marx,based on economic science,unscrambled covert linkage between economic heterization and religious heterization and manifested methodological strength of historianism.

关 键 词：宗教 批判方式 知性 理性 实践 

分 类 号：B916[哲学宗教—宗教学]