施氮量对超高产春玉米花粒期叶片光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen on Leaf Photosynthesis and Grain Yield of Super High-yield Spring Maize During the Flowering and Milking Stages

作　　者：叶君[1] 高聚林[1] 王志刚[1] 于晓芳[1] 孙继颖[1] 李丽君 高英波[1] 王海燕[1] 贾宁[1] 高鑫[1] 崔超[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古种子管理站,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《玉米科学》2011年第6期74-77,共4页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金："973"计划项目(2009CB118601);国家自然科学基金项目(30860134);内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目(20080404ZD02);内蒙古农业大学玉米超高产创新团队计划项目

摘　　要：以内单314为材料,研究施氮量对超高产春玉米不同层位叶片花粒期光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,施氮量低于439.8 kg/hm2时,同一层位叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均表现出随施氮量增加而增高的趋势;当施氮量超出439.8 kg/hm2时,各层位叶片的SPAD、Pn、Fv/Fm降低,且叶位越低降幅越大。同一施氮水平下,不同层位叶片SPAD、Pn、Fv/Fm花粒期变化不同,上位叶片自散粉后0～20 d相对稳定或略有上升,21～40 d迅速降低;中位叶片整个花粒期缓慢降低;下位叶片自散粉后0～20 d缓慢降低,21～40 d后迅速降低。当施氮量为439.8 kg/hm2时,超高产春玉米花粒期不同层位叶片衰老得到延缓,利于其花粒期干物质积累和产量形成,是实现超高产的重要基础。With Neidan314 as the material, the effects of nitrogen application on leaf photosynthesis and grain yield of spring maize during the flowering and milking stages were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, net photosynthesis （Pn）, and the maximum quantum yield （Fv/Fm） of PSⅡ of leaves at the same canopy level increased with nitrogen application until the fertilization rate reached 439.8 kg/ha. When the fertilization rate was over 439.8 kg/ha, above index gradually decreased, especially in the lower leaves. Under same nitrogen rate, these indexes in upper leaves changed little or grew slightly in 0-20 days after pollination, but declined fast in 21-40 days after pollination. In middle leaves, they decreased slowly in the flowering and milking stages, and in the lower leaves, they declined gradually in 0-20 days after the anthesis stage, then dropped sharply in the 21-40 days afterwards. When nitrogen rate was 439.8 kg/ha, leaves on super high-yield maize delayed senescence in the flowering and milking stages, favoring dry matter accumulation and yield formation, and that is an important basis for high yield.

关 键 词：春玉米 施氮量 花粒期 光合特性 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] S513.062