三峡库区桑树菌根发育特征及菌根对桑苗生长的促进作用  

Developmental Features of Mycorrhiza and Its Promotion Effect on Growth of Mulberry Saplings in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

作　　者：舒玉芳 叶娇 潘程远 杨晓红[1] 黄先智[2] 秦俭[2] 

机构地区：[1]南方山地园艺学教育部重点实验室,西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学蚕学与系统生物学研究所,重庆400716

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2011年第6期978-984,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：重庆市科技攻关重点项目(No.CSTC,2011AB1028);现代农业产业技术体系专项(No.CARS-22)

摘　　要：为探索桑树在西南山区逆境中的生态重建潜能,对三峡库区海拔170～175 m区域自然生长桑树的根系与丛枝菌根(AM)真菌共生形成菌根的情况进行调查,并通过盆栽桑苗接种AM真菌研究菌根对桑苗生长的促进作用。调查结果表明,库区桑树根系82%左右的根尖不同程度被AM真菌侵染形成菌根,菌根内有菌丝、丛枝、泡囊、孢子等结构,菌根外菌丝上有辅助细胞。桑苗在光照培养箱和网室中培育都容易被AM真菌侵染,接种15 d左右就有菌丝附着在根上并形成附着胞,菌根侵染率随时间延长逐渐升高,光照培养箱中生长90 d的接种桑苗菌根侵染率为40.56%±3.61%,网室中生长70 d和90 d的接种桑苗菌根侵染率分别为46.82%±4.10%和50.72%±5.32%。接种桑苗的株高、主根长、单株根尖数量、单株根尖总长、单株叶片数量,以及第3真叶叶长、叶宽、叶面积等都显著高于对照,单株根尖数量、单株根尖总长和叶面积的相对增长量超过100%,极大地提高了桑苗的根系吸收能力和地上部分的光合面积。研究结果证实:桑树是典型的丛枝菌根植物,菌根有利于桑树在极端逆境中生长,接种AM真菌能显著地促进桑苗的营养生长。In order to further explore the ecological reconstruction potential of mulberry（Morus L.） in adverse environment of the southwestern mountainous region,an investigation was conducted on the formation of mycorrhiza by arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi and root system of mulberry naturally growing at 170 ~175 m altitude of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Moreover,AM fungi were used to inoculate potted mulberry saplings for evaluation of the effect of mycorrhiza to mulberry sampling growth.The results showed that about 82% of the mulberry root tips were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and developed into mycorrhiza in various degrees.There were hyphae,arbuscules,vesicules,spores and other structures in the mycorrhiza and accessory cells on external hyphae of the mycorrhiza.Mulberry saplings grown in both illuminated incubator and netted chamber were easily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.At 15 d after inoculation,there were hyphae adhered on the root and formed appressoria.The mycorrhizal colonization rate increased with time.The colonization rate of mulberry saplings in illuminated incubator was 40.56%±3.61% at 90 d after inoculation,and that in netted chamber were 46.82% ±4.10% and 50.72% ±5.32% at 70 d and 90 d after ino-culation,respectively.The inoculated mulberry saplings grew significantly better than the control on plant height,taproot length,root tip quantity per plant,total root tip length per plant,number of leaves per plant as well as the length,width and area of the third true leaf.The relative growth rates of root tip quantity per plant,total root tip length per plant and leaf area of the inoculated mulberry were over 100%,which remarkably enhanced the absorptive ability of root system and photosynthetic areas of the aerial part.These research results confirm that mulberry is a typical arbuscular mycorrhizal plant.Mycorrhiza is favorable to the growth of mulberry in extreme adverse environment,and inoculation with AM fungi could obviously promote mulberry vegetative growth.

关 键 词：桑树 桑苗根系 丛枝菌根真菌 营养生长 

分 类 号：S888[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]