节能环保烘茧机热风炉的改良研制  

Improvement and Development of Energy-saving and Environmental-friendly Hot Air Furnace for Cocoon Drying

作　　者：胡祚忠[1] 赵明孔 杜文生 吴建梅[1] 张剑飞[1] 叶晶晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所,四川南充637000 [2]四川省南充蚕具研究有限公司,四川南充637000

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2011年第6期1029-1035,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(No.CARS-22)

摘　　要：热风发生炉中燃煤的燃尽率及热效率直接影响到蚕茧烘干机的节能、环保性能。新研制出烘茧机的椭圆形推拱式分段燃烧热风炉,将传统烘茧机中燃煤炉的方形或圆形燃烧室改为长椭圆形,将人工加煤改为机械化自动加煤,并将燃煤由原来的层叠式燃烧改为水平设置预热干馏区、高温燃烧区、燃烬区3个区段的分段式燃烧。这种热风炉的热风产生过程为:燃煤由机械传动缓慢均匀推入预热干馏区,受炉前拱与高温烟气热辐射而被烘干和干馏,析出的碳氢化合物及少量氢和一氧化碳等着火燃烧变成焦炭;焦炭、挥发物燃烧产生的热风以及不完全燃烧气体(黑烟)一起从前拱向后进入到中部高温燃烧区充分燃烧;未燃尽的余炭被推到后段燃烬区,在离开炉膛之前充分燃尽,最后落入尾部的灰渣室中。由此可见,椭圆形推拱式分段燃烧热风炉可使燃煤充分燃尽,不仅提高热效率至90%以上,而且从根本上解决了燃烧过程中黑烟污染环境的问题,具有节能环保的特点。The burn-off rate and thermal efficiency of fire coal in a hot air generating furnace directly affects the performance of a silkworm cocoon drying machine on energy-saving and environmental protection.We developed an oval-shaped hot air furnace with multiple arches designed for staged combustion of the fuel in cocoon drying machine.In this new furnace,the combustion chamber was changed from the square or round shape in a conventional cocoon drying machine into long oval shape,coal supply was changed from manual-operated into automatic machine-driven,and coal burning was changed from stack mode into staged combustion mode in three horizontal compartments namely preheating and dry distillation,high temperature burning and re-burning.The generating process of hot air in this furnace is as follows： coals are pushed into the preheated dry distillation compartment through mechanic transmission device slowly,coals are dried and dry-distilled to release hydrocarbon compounds and a small portion of volatile substances like hydrogen and carbon monoxide after being heated in front arch and high temperature smoke and are subsequently ignited to burn into hard coke;the hard coke,hot air from burning of volatile substances and incomplete burnt gas（black smoke） move forward from the front arch into the middle high temperature burning compartment together to have full burning;the rest non-fully burnt charcoals were pushed into re-burning compartment for complete burning before leaving the furnace,and finally fall into the cinder chamber in end part of the furnace.It is shown that this oval-shaped and staged co-mbustion hot air furnace can make complete burning of the fuel.It not only increases the thermal efficiency to over 90%,but also settles air pollution problem of the black smoke from coal burning,having the merit of energy-saving and environmental-friendly.

关 键 词：烘茧机 机烧热风炉 分段燃烧 热效率 环保 

分 类 号：S887.332[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]