氮肥运筹对豫中地区冬小麦旗叶生理及籽粒产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Physiology of Flag Leaf and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Central Henan

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 贺远[1] 邵云[1] 赵艳岭[1] 余海波[1] 祁诗月[1] 李春喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2011年第5期875-881,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系"北方小麦水肥高效利用综合技术研究与示范"项目(nycytx-03);河南省重大科技专项(081100110200)

摘　　要：为探讨豫中地区冬小麦合理高效的氮肥运筹模式,以百农矮抗58为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,研究了氮肥施用量及运筹模式对冬小麦旗叶生长生理及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,氮肥运筹对冬小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量的影响均达显著水平。随施氮总量的增加,旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和可溶性蛋白含量均表现不同程度的升高,硝酸还原酶活性也保持较高值。在基肥相同的条件下,增加拔节期追氮量能显著提高旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量。施氮总量相同时,拔节期追氮量较多的处理对基施氮肥较少的处理有一定的补偿效应。氮肥运筹对籽粒产量的影响达极显著水平,其中N120+150模式下的穗粒数及粒重最高,N120+210模式下小麦成穗数及籽粒产量最高。综上,豫中地区生态环境下,施纯氮270 kg.hm-2,其中基施氮肥120 kg.hm-2、拔节期追施氮肥150 kg.hm-2的N120+150处理是较为合理的氮肥运筹模式。In order to discuss the efficient nitrogen managements in central Henan province,we selected Bainong＇aikang 58 as field experimental material,and studied the effects of nitrogen application on physiology of flag leaves and grain yield of winter wheat with split block design during 2009-2010.The results showed that,effects of nitrogen application on chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content of flag leaves were significantly（P0.05）.These four indexes of flag leaves tended to be higher when total nitrogen fertilizer amount increased,and they were raised significantly by more topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage under the same basal nitrogen fertilizer.At the same level of total nitrogen fertilization,there were compensation effects between more topdressing and less basal application.Nitrogen fertilizer managements affected grain yield simultaneously.Among all the treatments,grain number per spike and grain weight tended to be the highest under the treatment of N120＋150,while the ear number and grain yield showed the highest under N120＋210.From the above,the treatment of N120＋150was more rational nitrogen management in central Henan,which was total nitrogen fertilizer application was 270 kg per hectare and basal and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage was 120 and 150 kg per hectare,respectively.

关 键 词：豫中地区 冬小麦 氮肥运筹 旗叶生理 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311