英语if句与汉语“如果”句用法之异同——基于语料库的比较研究  

A Corpus-based Comparison Study between English "If sentence" and Chinese "Ruguo sentence"

作　　者：姚双云[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2011年第6期933-938,共6页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(07JJD740063);教育部人文社会科学一般项目(07JC740018)

摘　　要：基于Brown语料库和现代汉语语料库,比较英汉条件句使用上的异同。句法位置上,条件标记if只能居于句首,而"如果"既可位于句首,也可位于谓头;语序安排上,英汉两种语言的优势语序都是"条件小句+结果小句"。两种语言也有"结果小句+条件小句"的语序,但是表现出很大的差异,这种语序在英语中高达31%,而在汉语中却不足0.2%;语义约束上,英汉条件句一般都需要携带[+主观性]的语义特征,但在实现主观化的手段上,两种语言同中有异。Based on Brown corpus and a modern Chinese corpus,this paper sets out to compare the usage of conditionals between English and Chinese.According to the syntactic position,English ＂if sentence＂ can be put at sentence head,and Chinese ＂ruguo sentence＂ can be put both at sentence head and predicate head.According to the arrangement of word order,the optimal order of both languages is ＂protasis＋apodosis＂.There is also an opposite order——＂apodosis＋protasis＂ in both languages,but they differ a lot.Statistics show that in English this order appears as often as 31%,while in Chinese only less than 0.2%.They also have their own semantic restraints and have the semantic feature of [＋subjectivity],but they differ a little in the ways of realizing subjectivisation.

关 键 词：if句 “如果”句 句法位置 语义约束 主观性 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]