以圆弧参数为设计变量的车轮型面优化数学模型研究  

Research on the Mathematical Model for Wheel Profile Optimization with Arc Parameters as Design Variables

作　　者：成棣[1] 王成国[1] 刘金朝[2] 李海涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院基础设施检测研究所,北京100081 [3]南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司高速列车系统集成国家工程实验室(南方),山东青岛266111

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2011年第6期107-113,共7页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2009BAG12A01-B08-2);铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2009J015)

摘　　要：在分析圆弧型车轮型面几何特点的基础上,提出用4段圆弧描述车轮型面与钢轨的接触部分。以4段圆弧中两端圆弧的半径和两中间圆弧的圆心坐标为设计变量,以轮轨磨耗、临界速度和轮轨横向力为目标函数,以满足对最大接触应力、脱轨系数、滚动疲劳因子、临界速度和轮轨横向力的要求为约束条件,建立圆弧型车轮型面多目标优化模型。以欧洲时速200km标准铁路客车为例,采用给出的车轮型面多目标优化模型对其车轮型面进行优化。结果表明:车轮型面经1次优化的车辆运行在半径为3 000m的曲线线路上时一位轮对车轮的总磨耗指数下降约15%,但车辆的临界速度仅为75m.s-1;通过调整设计变量的取值范围,进行车轮型面优化,得到最优车轮型面Wheel_Opt,采用此车轮型面的车辆在同样线路上一位轮对车轮的总磨耗指数下降约12%,临界速度提高至105.9m.s-1。On the basis of analyzing the geometrical characteristics of arc wheel profile,four segments of arc were chosen to describe the contact part between wheel profile and rail.The radius of two end arcs and the center coordinate of two arcs in the middle of four segments were chosen as the design variables.The wheel/rail wear,critical velocity,and wheel rail lateral force were chosen as the objective functions.With satisfying the requirements for the maximum wheel rail contact stress,derailment coefficient,rolling contact fatigue factor,critical velocity and wheel rail lateral force as constraints,the arc wheel profile multiobjective optimization model was constructed.Taking ERRI 200 km·h-1 standard railway passenger vehicle for example,the proposed wheel profile multiobjective optimization model was adopted to optimize its wheel profile.The result shows that after optimization once,the sum wear index of the first wheelset of ERRI vehicle is reduced about 15% running on the curve track of 3 000 m radius,but the critical velocity is only 75 m·s-1.By adjusting the value range of the design variables,the optimal wheel profile Wheel_Opt was obtained after implementing wheel profile optimization.After adopting the optimal wheel profile,the sum wear index of the first wheelset of ERRI vehicle is reduced about 12% running on the same track and the critical velocity is increased to 105.9 m·s-1.

关 键 词：车轮型面优化 多目标模型 设计变量 圆弧参数 磨耗 临界速度 

分 类 号：U271.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]