黄腹山鹪莺稳定的配偶关系限制雄性欺骗者  

Handicapping male-cheaters by stable mate relationship in yellow-bellied prinia,Prinia flaviventris

作　　者：褚福印[1,2] 唐思贤[1] 潘虎君[2] 张建新[2,3] 胡慧建[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]华南濒危动物研究所,广州510260 [3]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第24期7458-7463,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770311);广东省科学院台站基金(2009;2010)

摘　　要：多数鸟类通过性特征限制在同性竞争和配偶选择中的"欺骗者"存在,与此相反,雀形目扇尾莺科部分物种表现出繁殖季节性特征消退的身体特征变化模式。在广州市南沙区通过"目字笼"对黄腹山鹪莺配偶关系稳定性的限制机制进行研究,发现虽然雌性个体到访原配个体和对照个体的次数几乎相同,但是雌性个体对原配雄性的单次选择时间明显长于对照雄性个体,总计选择时间也明显长于对照雄性个体。选择实验过程中,原配雄性的跳动次数明显高于对照个体雄性,以竖尾扑哧和鸣声恐吓等为代表的威慑行为次数也明显高于对照雄性个体。结果说明,雌性更青睐于原配个体,配对时间越长,忠诚度越高,而且原配雄性比入侵雄性个体表现出更高的活跃度和威慑行为。繁殖季节性特征消退的物种可以通过保持稳定的配偶关系以限制"欺骗者"存在。可以推测繁殖的巨大投入和雌性之间的同性竞争可能是产生这种配偶稳定性的主要原因。Graduated tail of birds is believed to be a significant secondary sexual trait,and takes an important role in sexual selection.By means of secondary sexual trait,most species of birds handicap the existence of male cheaters,which arise in competition among males and mate selection.However,some species of Cisticolidae,Passerformes show a converse change,in which graduated tail of breeding plumage is shorter than that of winter plumage.It means that their sexual traits are lost in breeding season.It seems that this pattern is conflicted with Sexual Selection Theory,and may reveal a new survival strategy. In order to explain how this peculiar pattern influences breeding strategy,we studied on yellow-bellied prinia,Prinia flaviventris at Nansha District,Guangzhou for about one year.Yellow-bellied prinia is monomorphic and monogamous.Both males and females have a graduated tail which is even longer than their body.It moults twice every year,including complete moult after breeding from September to December,and partial moult before breeding from March to April.Its tail is replaced in both spring moult and autumn moult,and more importantly,tail length of breeding plumage is shorter than tail length of winter plumage. We used mate-choice cage to test whether females handicapped male-cheaters by stable mate relationship on yellow-bellied prinia.Our experiment consisted of 21 trials,and each trial lasted about 1 hour.In each trial,both experimental males had no significant differences of body measurements,besides the length of tail.The mate-choice cage was isolated with black cloth to minimize human disturbance,and we recorded all the experiments by Sony DCR-VX2000E video camera.In order to minimize influence of stress reaction,we ignored the beginning and ending of every experiment and only process from 16th min to 45th min（totally 1800s）of each videotape.One-way ANOVA was applied to compare different options of females to males and sexual behavior between male groups.All statistics and analysis was conducted using so

关 键 词：限制法则 配偶关系 性特征消退 黄腹山鹪莺 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]