中国天然气按能量计价实施方案研究  

Implementation schemes of natural gas energy pricing in China

作　　者：李鹭光[1] 周志斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2011年第12期110-114,132-133,共5页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家发展和改革委员会价格司2009年科研项目"天然气按能量计价有关问题研究"

摘　　要：中国实施天然气能量计价已势在必行,计量单位和计价方法的选择就显得十分重要,实施方案应具有可操作性。为此,在分析总结国内外能量计量单位的基础上,提出了符合中国国情的天然气能量计量单位(建议选用千瓦时);参照国外天然气能量计价的方式,结合中国天然气计量和价格情况,提出了2种天然气能量计价方式("能量计量、能量结算"和"能量计量、体积结算")和5种计价方法(单位转换、全国统一热值单价、各气田或区域统一热值单价、天然气热值分类计价、天然气热值标准区间计价),通过对比分析,按照简便、实用和平稳过渡的原则,建议采用"能量计量、能量计价"方式,单位能量价格可采取现行体积价格进行计量单位的形式转换。在此基础上,提出了天然气按能量计价的实施方案以及全产业链各个环节如何适应从按量(体积)计价向按质(能量)计价的过渡。最后提出了相应的措施建议。该天然气能量计价实施方案可为国家有关政府部门制定相关政策提供依据,也可为天然气生产供应企业、天然气销售和消费企业、广大天然气用户实施天然气能量计价提供认识指导。The selection of metering units and methods is very important for natural gas energy pricing which is to be implemented imperatively with high operability.In view of this,based on a summary analysis of domestic and international energy pricing units,the kilowatt-hour(kWh) is suggested to be used as the natural gas pricing unit under the present situation in China.Referenced to foreign natural gas energy pricing modes and in combination with domestic natural gas metering and pricing,two natural gas energy pricing methods('energy metering & energy pricing' and 'energy metering & volume pricing') and five valuation methods(unit conversion,uniform unit calorific value all over China,uniform unit calorific value at all fields and regions,classified gas pricing according to different calorific values,and gas pricing according to intervals between different calorific values) are put forward herein.Through a comparative analysis and in accordance with the simple,practical and stable transition principle,the method of 'energy metering & energy pricing' is recommended and the unit energy prices may take the current volume measurement units in the form of conversion price.On this basis,the implementation schemes of natural gas energy pricing are proposed including how to achieve the transition from quantity(volume pricing) to quality(energy pricing) in the whole industrial chain,and the corresponding measures and suggestions are also put forward.The presented implementation schemes of natural gas energy pricing can provide reference not only for the government to formulate the related laws and policies,but for gas producers,traders,consumption companies,and common users to get a better understanding of gas energy pricing.

关 键 词：中国 天然气 能量计量 能量计价 实施方案 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]