浅水灌溉对寒地井灌稻田温度和产量构成因素的影响  

Effects of Water-Saving Irrigation on Water Temperature,Soil Temperature and Rice Yield in Cold Region of China

作　　者：张世春[1] 聂晓[1] 王毅勇[1] 拱秀丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2011年第12期86-89,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q06-03);国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BADB3B02);国家自然科学基金项目(40971026)

摘　　要：针对三江平原寒地井灌稻区井水低温造成的水稻减产问题,于2009年通过田间控制试验研究了浅水灌溉措施对寒地稻田水温、土温和水稻产量构成因素的影响。试验设置3种灌溉处理:控I,水层控制在3 cm;控II,水层控制在1 cm;CK(传统淹灌),保持5～10 cm水层。结果表明:在水稻本田期内的各生育时期,3种灌溉处理间水温和土温的差异均不显著,这可能是由于本试验未考虑温度的日变化以及试验期间阴雨天气较多所致;在水稻返青期,各处理间的差异明显大于随后各生育期内的差异,说明水稻生长前期稻田温度更容易受到灌溉方式的影响;由于浅水灌溉处理(控I和控II)显著地提高了每穴有效穗数和每穗实粒数,因而最终分别较CK增产7.4%和12.7%,但控I和控II处理间的差异不显著。A field experiment was conducted in 2009 to study the effect of water-saving irrigation on water temperature, soil temperature and yield structure of rice in Sanjiang Plain. Three irrigation regimes, water-saving irrigation I （ TI, Irrigation was applied once a day in the evening to maintain the desired water level of 3 cm） , water-saving irrigation II （TII, Irrigation was applied once a day in the evening to maintain the desired water level of 1 era）, and a conventional irrigation （ CK, continuously flooded with water depth of 5-10 cm） , were imposed during the whole growing season. Results showed that there were not significant differences in water and soil temperature among the three irrigation regimes in all the growing sta- ges of rice, which may be attributable to the fact that the temperature was measured only once a day in the early morning, and the rain events occurred frequently in the study period. However, the differences in temperature among the three irri- gation regimes were clearly larger in the returning green stage of rice than in the following growing stages, implying that the water and soil temperature in the earlier growing stages of rice was more prone to be changed by the irrigation methods. The number of panicles per plant and number of filled grain per panicle were signilicantly higher raider the water-saving irrigation conditions （TI and TII） compared to the conventional flooded irrigation （CK）, resulting in increase of 7.4% and 12.7% of grain yield under T/and TII treatments, respectively. There were no significant differences in yield and yield components between TI and TII. Compared with conventional flooded irrigation, the water-saving irrigation which saves water through keeping shallower water depth is another irrigation regime suitable for the cold areas such as Sanjiang Plain in China.

关 键 词：井灌水稻 寒地 浅水灌溉 温度 产量构成因素 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]