海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究  

Research on Effects of Nutrient and Phosphate Removal from Marine Aquaculture System by Sesuvium portulacastrum

作　　者：窦碧霞[1] 黄建荣[1] 李连春[1] 曲焕韬[1] 周勤勇[1] 黎祖福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2011年第5期94-99,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2010330004202995);广东省自然科学基金博士启动项目(2010330004203984)联合资助

摘　　要：大量的外源性饵料和排泄物使海水养殖水体N、P以及有机物大量增加,导致水质恶化,是制约海水养殖业发展的主要因素。通过构建海马齿面积比为3∶2盐度为15的A、B 2组浮床海水养殖系统,以检验海马齿的N、P移除能力。结果显示,当海马齿处于生长启动期,A组和B组的水质指标与对照组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);但当海马齿生长进入稳定期后,A组和B组的氨氮去除率为74%～91%和60%～91%,亚硝态氮去除率为93%～98%和71%～97%,总氮去除率为11%～25%和14%～33%,COD去除率为67%～85%和61%～81%,总磷去除率为41%～68%和35%～71%,试验组氨氮、亚硝态氮、COD和总磷浓度与对照组之间都存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。2组不同密度的海马齿浮床系统都显示了较高的N、P去除能力,表明海马齿在盐度5时能有效地吸收N、P,降低COD,减少有机物污染,改善养殖环境。Lots of exogenous feed and fish excreta make the nutrient, phosphate and organic increase, cause water quality deterioration. This is a main restricted factor to the development of marine aquaculture. Group A and group B floating marine aquaculture systems were constructed which area ratio of plants was 3： 2. The study was conducted to examine the N, P removal ability of Sesuvium portulacastrum. After two months of treatment, Sesuvium portulacastrum grew well at salinity 15, group A and B showed efficient N, P removal ability, but there was no significant difference （ P 〉 0.05 ） between them. When the plants grew stable, the results showed that group A and B had excellent removals, with efficiencies 74 % - 91% and 60% - 91% for ammonia nitrogen, 93 % - 98 % and 71% - 97% for nitrite nitrogen, 11%-25% and 14%-33% for total nitrogen, 67%-85% and 61% -81% for COD and 41% -68% and 35% -71% for total phosphorus. The group A and B have significant difference （P 〈0.05） with control group for the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, COD and total phosphorus. The total nitrogen removal couldn＇t examined yet, but the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen removal reacted rapidly when the system were constructed, the concentration were well below the toxic levels. Accordingly, Sesuvium portulacastrum can efficiently absorb N and P, reducing COD and organic pollution, improve the marine aquaculture environment at salinity 15.

关 键 词：海马齿 海水养殖 氮、磷移除 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]