中世纪英国母牛饲养及其经济价值考察  

Exploration on Rearing Cows and Its Economic Value in Medieval England

作　　者：马泽民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院历史文化与旅游管理学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100086

出　　处：《中国农史》2011年第4期84-92,共9页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：母牛是中世纪英国农业生产和生活中不可或缺的牲畜,它生产中世纪最重要的挽畜,牛奶比羊奶更受欢迎,奶酪、黄油都是农民生活中重要的食物。每头母牛的净收入几乎与成本持平,但除去草料成本,其收入为4先令,14世纪1头母牛的平均租金达到5先令,高收益促进了母牛饲养的繁荣。15世纪20-30年代后,由于瘟疫、需求下降和织布业的兴起,母牛饲养进入衰退阶段。Cow is a kind of necessary animal for agricultural production and people s life in medieval England. Cows produce oxen which are the most important draught animals, produce more populous milk than ewes＇ milk, and cheese and butter which is made from milk have played important role in peasants＇ food consumption. There are a lot of cows rearing in medieval England, but the number of cow is not equal in the whole country. The net gain of rearing a cow is almost equal than 4 shillings, And the rent of a cow is usually 5 to the cost. If we get rid of the fodder, the gain is more shilling in the fourteenth century. The rearing of cows declined in 20-30s in the fifteenth century because of prevalent cattle murrain, the falling need for milk production and the rise of weaving industry.

关 键 词：母牛 中世纪 英国 经济价格 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K13[历史地理—历史学]