氯代有机污染物辐照脱氯的研究进展  

Dechlorination progress of chlorinated organic pollutants degraded by use of ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions

作　　者：彭云霞[1,2] 吴小缓[3] 何仕均[1] 焦琳[1,2] 龚文琪[2] 王建龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084 [2]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [3]建筑材料工业技术情报研究所,北京100024

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2011年第6期321-325,共5页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10975085)资助

摘　　要：本工作对电离辐射引发的典型氯代有机污染物的脱氯降解机理进行了综述,重点回顾了氯酚、多氯联苯、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯辐照脱氯降解的研究现状。氯酚在氧化条件下与羟基自由基(·OH)反应首先形成·OH加成物,然后逐步脱氯;在还原条件下水合电子(e_(aq)^-)与氯酚直接发生选择性反应脱氯,生成苯酚和氯离子。多氯联苯在有机溶剂中的辐照降解反应主要通过链式反应逐渐脱去其中的氯原子,反应的最终产物是氯离子和联苯。三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)在氧化条件下与羟基自由基(·OH)反应,主要产物有CO_2、HCOOH和HCl等。与氧化途径相比,氯代有机物的辐照还原脱氯具有降解效率高、产物单纯、剂量小等优势。Kinetics and mechanisms of dechlorination of chlorinated organic pollutants induced by ionizing radiation were described in this article. The progress on the dechlorination of chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyl trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylen involved in radiolysis was also reviewed. In oxidative condition, hydroxyl radical （.OH） would attack chlorophenol to form .OH-adducts, which could be dechlorinated gradually. However, chlorophenol can be directly reduced by hydrated electron（eaq） to release C1-. It was found that radiolytical degrada- tion of polychlorinated biphenyls in organic solvent would release chlorine atoms gradually by chain reactions and the final products were C1- and biphenyl. Trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly reacted with .OH with the final products of CO2, HCOOH and HCl. As conclusion, the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic pollutants possesses advantages of high degradation efficiency, simple products and relatively low radiation dose compared with the oxidation methods.

关 键 词：氯代有机染污物 辐照 脱氯 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X131.2