2011年江汉平原高温干旱天气对油菜千粒重的影响  

Effect of the Rare Spring Drought on 1 000-grain Weight of Rape in Jianghan Plain in 2011

作　　者：姚仪敏[1] 吴晨阳[1] 黄永平[2] 龙毅[1] 冯艳林[1] 龚长东[1] 谭少武[1] 杨辉[1] 田小海[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国气象局荆州农业气象试验站,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2011年第23期4784-4786,4793,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2011年长江大学科研发展基金项目

摘　　要：2011年3～5月间江汉平原遭遇罕见的高温干旱天气。采用大范围多点田间取样和气候条件比对分析方法,探讨了该天气对江汉平原油菜(Brassica napus L.)千粒重的影响。结果表明,2011年4月下旬至5月中旬的日平均气温与前50年同期日平均气温相比提高3.8℃,4月上旬至5月上旬降雨量平均降低16.2 mm,4月中旬至5月上旬空气相对湿度平均降低5.7个百分点。在此条件下,江汉平原油菜千粒重普遍降低,降低田块数占被调查田块数的62%左右,水田和旱田千粒重分别降低0.527 g和0.390 g。千粒重降低的原因主要与油菜灌浆结实期间的气温异常升高有关,而与土壤水分关系不密切,但不能排除空气湿度明显降低的负面影响。From March to May 2011,Jianghan plain experienced a once-in-fifty-year drought（with hot） weather.With a method of multi-point on-spot survey,the possible effect of abnormal meteorological factors on 1 000-grain weight of rapeseed（B.napus L.） was discussed.The results showed that the daily average temperature increased by about 3.8 ℃ in late April 2011 to middle May,the rainfall reduced by 16.2 mm in early April to early May and relative humidity reduced by 5.7% in middle April to early May,respectively,compared with those on average year.Under this condition,about 62.0% rape cultivars surveyed had obviously decrease in their 1 000-grain weights.Compared with their standard 1 000-grain weights.The paddy field and the dry soil reduced by 0.527 and 0.390 g per 1 000 grains on average,with a decrease of 12.68%.This sharp decrease may be explained by the abnormally higher temperature during the rapeseed grain filling stage,rather than the soil moisture.Meanwhile,it is hard to exclude the negative influence of the lower air humidity on grain filling.

关 键 词：油菜(Brassic anapus L.) 千粒重 高温干旱 江汉平原 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S165.25