刑法拟制的功能评价与运用规则  

Criminal Law Fiction: An Analysis of Its Function and Application Rules

作　　者：苏彩霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2011年第6期27-37,174-175,共11页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"刑法解释的立场与方法"(项目批准号:09BFX063);教育部人文社科项目"实质的刑法解释论研究"(项目批准号:06JC820016)的研究成果

摘　　要：刑法拟制的特点有事实假定性、有意性、结论不可推翻性、合法性。刑法拟制具有促进刑法发展、实现某种立法政策或价值、决疑定夺、简化思维、立法简洁等积极功能,这些功能决定了刑法拟制仍是一项重要的立法技术。同时,为防范刑法拟制过度扩张立法权、适用外延过度扩大从而有损实质正义的风险,在立法上刑法拟制的运用应遵循法益侵害相当性原则、拟制必要性原则;在司法上刑法拟制条款的适用应遵循以规范意旨为指导,具体考察拟制法条在何种程度上与引用法条相当的解释规则。The characteristics of criminal law fiction includes presumptiveness of the fact,intention,irrevocability and legality.Criminal law fiction has the positive functions of promoting the development of the criminal law,realizing certain legislative policy or value,resolving the difficulty to make a final decision,simplifying our thinking way and condensing the legislation.All these functions indicate that criminal law fiction is one of the important legislative techniques.In the meantime,criminal law fiction might excessively expand the legislative authority or immoderately expand its epitaxy where applicable,resulting into the risk of undermining the substantive justice.In order to avoid the risk,with regard to the legislation,the application of criminal law fiction should adhere to the principle of equivalence of infringements on the legal interests and the necessity of applying the criminal law fiction.In term of judicial practice,the stipulations about criminal law fiction shall be applied in the light of the rules of interpretation of considering the will of the legal norms and the equivalence of applying the article of criminal law fiction and the reference to general statutes.

关 键 词：刑法拟制 法益侵害相当性 拟制必要性 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]