有机垃圾厌氧消化系统失稳预警指标的研究进展  

Research Progress in Early-warning Indicators for Imbalance of Anaerobic Digestion System of Organic Wastes

作　　者：贾传兴[1,2] 彭绪亚[1] 黄媛媛[1] 李小风[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045 [2]济宁市环境保护局,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2011年第24期30-35,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：重庆市重大科技专项(CSTC2008AB7135);重庆大学研究生创新团队建设项目(200909B1003)

摘　　要：厌氧消化作为一种符合生态原理的生物处理技术,将环境保护和能源回收有机地结合在一起。它是多种厌氧微生物共同参与、分阶段有序进行的复杂串联代谢过程;其中产甲烷菌对环境最敏感、代谢速率最慢,产甲烷阶段往往是厌氧消化系统的瓶颈;水解酸化与产甲烷两阶段不能较好地匹配,极易受到抑制。现有常规工艺运行监控指标(如pH值、碱度、挥发性脂肪酸浓度、沼气产率以及沼气成分等)对厌氧消化系统运行状况的指示性相对迟缓、滞后,因而厌氧消化稳定性早期警示物的研究受到世界各国的广泛关注。目前厌氧消化系统失稳预警指标主要基于中间代谢产物、关键代谢调控物以及厌氧系统内生物体的变化等三方面的研究,但还没有一种公认的厌氧消化系统失稳预警指标。在系统分析现有厌氧系统失稳预警指标优缺点的基础上,从理论上提出了基于"厌氧生物系统微生物菌落变化、基质代谢途径调控以及中间代谢产物分析"的多方位预警响应指标体系的综合评价方法,并指出表征厌氧消化过程的生物体特性及关键微生物群落变化的指标,应是今后厌氧消化系统失稳预警指标努力的方向。As a kind of biological treatment technology based on ecological principles, anaerobic digestion combines environmental protection with energy recovery, which is a stage, serial and complex metabolic process participated by multiple anaerobic microorganisms. Methanogenic bacteria are the most sensitive to environment and have the lowest metabolism rate, so the methanogenic stage is bottleneck of anaerobic digestion system. Hydrolysis acidification and methanogenic stage can not be better matched, and they are easily inhibited. Indicators, such as pH, alkalinity, total volatile fatty acid, gas production and gas composition, which are commonly used in monitoring of the anaerobic digestion process, can not reflect the operating status in time. Therefore, the study on early-warning indicators for anaerobic digestion stability has attracted wide attention all over the world. Recent studies on early-warning indicators for imbalance of anaerobic digestion system mainly are focused on changes of intermediate metabolite, key regulating factors and organisms in anaerobic digestion system. But there is no accepted indicator. Having analyzed advantages and disadvantages of the existing indicators, a comprehensive evaluation method of multi-direction early-warning indicators system is proposed theoretically based on the evolution of microbi- al community, control of substrate metabolic pathway and analysis of intermediate metabolite. The indica- tors for characterizing the organism features and the evolution of microbial community in anaerobic digestion might be a future research direction of early-warning indicators for imbalance of anaerobic digestion system.

关 键 词：有机垃圾 厌氧消化 失稳 抑制 预警指标 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]