精细化施氮对膜下滴灌棉花地上部植株氮素吸收积累影响  

Effect of Fine Nitrogen Fertilization on Absorbance and Accumulation of Nitrogen in Cotton Drip-irrigated under Mulch

作　　者：陈宝燕[1,2] 马兴旺[2] 杨涛[1,2] 刘骅[2] 许咏梅[2] 王斌[2] 牛新湘[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2011年第9期61-68,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：2010年度公益行业(农业)科研专项(201003014);国家自然科学基金(41061036);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B02);新疆"十一五"重大专项(200731133-2)

摘　　要：采用田间膜下滴灌,在390 kg.hm-2施氮量下,设N1、N2、N3、N4、N5共5个不同追氮处理,监测棉花全生育期植株各器官的养分吸收累积量,分析不同处理对产量和养分吸收累积量的影响。结果表明,N4处理能显著增加单铃质量,达到6 782.49 kg.hm-2的高产水平;蕾期棉花叶片含氮量随5个处理施氮分配比例的增加而增加。初花期的施氮由N1、N2转变为N3、N4处理,棉花茎的含氮量也由2.67%显著增加到3.89%。盛花期棉花叶片含氮量由N1处理的4.94%显著增加到N4处理的6.81%。盛铃期的施氮处理由N1、N2转变为N3、N4,棉铃籽粒中的含氮量由4.15%显著增加到5.05%,比叶、茎、铃壳的含氮量变化明显;5个施氮处理棉花全生育期氮素累积量分别达到199.29、197.18、201.74、218.881、92.79 kg.hm-2,与产量呈协调一致的变化规律,N4处理全生育期氮素累积量最大,初花期和吐絮初期氮素吸收量达到35.41和13.14 kg.hm-2的最大值。等施氮量下不同追氮比例处理对棉花产量产生显著影响,并同步影响氮素的吸收累积量。"前重后轻"的N4处理能提高棉花初花期氮素吸收水平,协调全生育期氮素吸收累积量,从而形成高产。Under the same total nitrogen application,the experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different proportions of nitrogen topdressing strategy on nitrogen uptake and accumulation of cotton aboveground parts and to set a theoretical basis for fine nitrogen fertilization in cotton drip-irrigated under mulch.Five different nitrogen combinations,N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,were designed under the 390 kg·hm-2N application in mulch drip irrigation,and monitored nutrients uptake accumulation of different plant organs during the whole growth period of cotton,and analyzed the synchronous regulation effect between the yield and nutrients uptake accumulation.The results showed that the N4 treatment obviously enhanced single boll mass,and nitrogen accumulation reached 6 782.49 kg·hm-2;At budding stage,the leaf nitrogen content increased with the proportion increase in five nitrogen allocation.At initial bloom stage,when nitrogen treatment transformed from N1 and N2 to N3 and,N4,nitrogen content of cotton stem increased significantly from 2.67% to 3.89%.At full bloom stage,cotton leaf nitrogen content increased significantly from by 4.94% in N1 treatment to 6.81% in N4 treatment.At full boll stage,nitrogen content of cotton seed increased from 4.15% in N1 and N2 to 5.05% N3 and N4,Which increased more than those of leaf,stem,and boll shell;The nitrogen accumulation during the whole growth period in five treatments achieved respectively 199.29,197.18,201.74,218.88 and 192.79 kg·hm-2,which showed a consistent tendency with yield.The largest nitrogen accumulation during the whole period was detected in N4 treatment which had net nitrogen uptake 35.41 kg·hm-2 at initial bloom stage and 13.14 kg·hm-2 at early boll open stage.In conclusion,different proportion strategy nitrogen dressing under the same amount of nitrogen application had a significant impact on cotton yield and nitrogen accumulation.The strategy of Early-Heavy and Late-Light（N4 treatment） can raise nitrongen uptake at initial bloom stage of cotton,which can meet

关 键 词：棉花 膜下滴灌 精细化施氮 产量 含氮量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]