接触低浓度镉对某锌粉厂工人健康的影响  

Investigation of health status of workers exposed to low concentration cadmium in a zinc powder factory

作　　者：张玉莲[1] 皮嵩云[1] 陈发明[1] 李继锰[1] 

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所,410001

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2011年第12期936-938,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨低浓度镉接触对工人健康的影响。方法以锌粉加工118名工人为接触组，该厂34名管理、行政、后勤、化验人员作为对照组，进行血铅、血镉、尿镉、尿β2微球蛋白、尿肌酐、x线胸片、肺功能、纯音测听等职业健康检查。结果工作场所空气中镉采6个点共12个样，浓度范围（STEL）为〈0．002～0．015mg／m^3均未超过职业接触限值。接触组血镉超标检出率为65．25％，一次尿镉超标检出率为38．14％，二次尿镉超标检出率为27．12％，2次尿镉超标均伴有尿8。微球蛋白超标（检出率2．54％）；对照组血镉超标检出率为26．47％，但尿镉无人超标；接触组尿镉超标检出率随工龄的增加有增高的趋势，吸烟可使血镉、尿镉超标检出率升高。结论锌粉加工接触低浓度镉可引起职业性镉中毒，采取综合防护措施，可减少职业性镉中毒的发生，并建议降低镉的职业接触限值。Objective To explore the health status of workers exposed to Cd at low concentration. Methods One hundred eighteen workers of zinc powder finishing and 34 staffs were served as the exposure group and control group, respectively. The physical examination, blood cadmium, urinary cadmium, blood lead, urinary 132-microglobin, urine creatine, chest film, pulmonary function , pure tone teat and were detected for all subjects. Results Twelve air samples from 6 monitoring points in workshop were detected, the air Cd concentrations were 0.002 ~0.015 mg/m3, which were under the national limit of occupational exposure. In exposure group, the rates of exceeding standards of blood Cd and urinary Cd were 65.25% and 38.16%, respectively, the rate of exceeding standards of urinary Cd for two times was 27.12%, the rate of exceeding standard of urine Cd for two times plus the positive urinary 132-microglobin was 2.54 %. In control group, the rates of exceeding national standard of blood Cd was 26.47 %, but the values of urinary Cd were normal. In ex- posure group, the rate of exceeding standards of urinary Cd increased with the service length. Smoking could enhance the rates of exceeding standards of blood Cd and urinary Cd. Conclusion In zinc powder finishing, the low-concentration cadmium exposure could cause the occupational cadmium poisoning, the comprehensive protection measures can reduce the occupational cadmium poisoning. It is suggested that the limits of occupational exposure to cadmium should be declined.

关 键 词：锌 镉 职业卫生 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]