北方玉米品种更替过程中穗部性状的演变及与产量的关系  

Ear traits evolution in process of Northern maize cultivars substitution and their relationships with yield

作　　者：王晓东[1] 史振声[1] 李明顺[2] 鲁俊田[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学特种玉米研究所,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第5期13-18,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部"948"项目(2006-G03);农业部"行业科技"项目(nyhyzx07-003);国家支撑计划(2007BAD31B03);辽宁省科技攻关计划(2008201001)

摘　　要：为了明确不同年代品种穗部性状的演变及其与产量的关系,对我国北方地区20世纪50年代以来有代表性的4个农家品种和31个玉米杂交种穗部性状进行了研究。结果表明:随着品种的更替,单位面积产量、单株产量大幅度提高,穗粗、穗长、籽粒深度、穗粒数、千粒重均呈上升趋势;秃尖度、出籽率自20世纪80年代以来没有得到正向改良,呈现下降趋势;在所研究的主要穗部性状中,对单株产量直接作用最大的是穗粗(直接通径系数DPC=0.4718),其次是穗长(DPC=0.4249)和出籽率(DPC=0.3173);总效应居前三位的分别是穗粗、穗长和行粒数。By the research on ear traits of 4 representative native cultivars and 31 hybrids of North China since the 1950s,the author wanted to reveal panicle traits evolution of different decade cultivars and their relationships with yield.The results showed that：yield per unit area and grain yield per plant greatly increased and ear diameter,ear length,grain depth,grains per spike and kernel weight showed an upward trend with the evolution of cultivars;barren ear tip percentage and seed-producing rate have been never positively modified since the 1980s and showed a downward trend;in the main ear characters of the research,ear diameter made the greatest contribution to grain yield per plant（direct path coefficient DPC=0.4718）,followed by ear length（DPC=0.4249） and seed-producing rate（DPC=0.3173）;the total effects of ear diameter,ear length and grains per row were the first three.

关 键 词：玉米品种 穗部性状 演变规律 通径分析 

分 类 号：S322.1[农业科学—作物遗传育种]