旱地辣椒栽培模式研究  

Study on cultivation mode of hot pepper in dry land

作　　者：卢子明[1] 逯建平[1] 赵贞祥[1] 张二喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第5期38-44,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(Nycytx-35-gw32)

摘　　要：在旱作条件下,采用二因素随机区组设计[A因素为栽培方式,设直播(A1)和育苗移栽(A2)两个水平;B因素为覆膜方式,设全膜双垄沟栽培(B1)、半膜垄侧栽培(B2)、全膜平铺栽培(B3)3个水平],研究了不同旱地辣椒栽培模式对辣椒产量、土壤含水量、土壤温度的影响。结果表明:育苗移栽较直播栽培的开花期早16 d,红果采收期早11 d,育苗移栽的红鲜椒产量高于直播的产量13.51%,鲜辣椒总产量高于直播的总产量4.43%。全膜双垄沟育苗移栽的红鲜椒产量和鲜辣椒总产量均最高,全膜双垄沟直播的绿鲜椒产量最高,全膜双垄沟栽培和半膜垄侧栽培能够有效收集降水;全膜平铺栽培的保墒效果最好,全膜双垄沟栽培次之。结果期以前,随着天气转暖,土壤温度升高,覆膜方式不同,土壤温度存在差异,半膜垄侧栽培的升温速度最快,保温效果也最差,全膜双垄沟栽培的保温效果最好。到了红鲜椒采收期,植株覆盖了地面,土壤温度降低,不同覆盖方式下田间土壤温度趋于一致。因此,采用全膜双垄沟栽培可以取得最佳的集雨和保墒效果,保温效果最好,全膜双垄沟育苗移栽的辣椒株高和株幅最大,单株结果数和鲜红椒采收个数最多,红鲜椒产量和总产量最高,经济效益最高,建议在干旱地区辣椒栽培中推广。In dry conditions,a two-factor randomized block design was adopted[Factor A is cultivation method,setting two levels of Direct seeding（A1） and Bowl-real transplanting（A2）;Factor B is film mulching mode, setting three levels of Full plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows（B1）,Plastic film mulching on ridge and planting in film-side（B2）,Flat planting of full ground plastic film mulching（B3）] to study the effects of different cultivation modes on hot pepper yield,soil moisture content and soil temperature in dry land.The results showed that,compared with A1,the pepper flowering date in A2 was 16 d earlier,red fruit harvest date was 11 d earlier,while the fresh red pepper yield was 13.51% higher,and the total fresh pepper yield was 4.43% higher.The total fresh pepper yield and red pepper yield in B1＋A2 were the highest,while the yield of fresh green pepper in B1＋A2 was the highest.B1 and B2 can effectively collect rainwater;B3 had the best effect in keeping moisture,and B1 followed.Before fruit setting,with the weather warming,soil temperature rose,different plastic film mulching modes had different effect on soil temperature,B2 was the fastest for increasing soil temperature,but was the last for maitaining temperature,while B1 had the best effect on maitaining temperature.In the red fruit harvest,as the ground was covered by plants,the soil temperature decreased,the soil temperature in different mulching modes got similar.Therefore,adoption of B1 ccould obtain the best effect of rainfall-collection and soil moisture preservation,as well as heat preservation.B1＋A2 also had best effect in plant height,plant width,number of fruit per plant and total red fruit,red pepper yield and total fresh pepper yield,so as the economic benefit.So it is recommended in hot pepper cultivation in dry land.

关 键 词：旱地 辣椒 地膜覆盖 栽培模式 

分 类 号：S342.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]