传染病突发公共卫生事件信息来源与发现方式分析  

Detecting ways of public health emergencies-communicable disease outbreaks

作　　者：解瑞谦[1] 阚坚力[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心,北京100011 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《疾病监测》2011年第11期893-896,共4页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的分析中国(未包括香港、澳门和台湾地区,下同)传染病突发公共卫生事件信息来源与发现方式,以提高传染病突发事件早期发现能力。方法对6个省疾病预防控制中心(CDC)、12个地市CDC、12个区CDC和12个县CDC进行现场问卷调查和访谈。结果省级发现的事件中,53.87%(425/789)来自网络直报系统,异常情况中有6.92%(62/896)发展为突发事件,占网络发现突发事件的14.59%(62/425);地市级发现的事件中,78.08%(114/146)来自电话报告,17.81%(26/146)来自网络直报系统,异常情况中有4.56%(26/570)发展为突发事件,占网络发现突发事件的100%(26/26);区(县)级发现的事件中,65.15%(43/66)来自电话报告,33.33%(22/66)来自网络直报系统,异常情况中有16.80%(21/125)发展突发事件,占网络发现突发事件的95.45%(21/22)。结论各级CDC突发事件信息来源渠道所占比重不同,需要开发、整合利用各种监测诊断技术,从不同角度、多层次、全方位收集传染病疫情相关信息,提升早期发现能力。Objective To analyze the reporting ways of public health emergencies-communicable diseases outbreaks, and improve the capacity of early detection of communicable disease outbreak. Methods The questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted in 6 provincial centers for disease control and prevention （CDCs）, 12 municipal CDCs, 12 district CDCs and 12 county CDCs. Results It was found that 53.87% （425/789） of the outbreaks were detected through network direct reporting system at provincial level, totally 6.92% （62/896） of unusual disease trend developed as outbreaks, which accounted for 14.59% （62/425） of the outbreaks detected through network direct reporting. Up to 78.08% （114/146） of the outbreaks were detected through telephone report and 17.81% （26/146） through direct network reporting at municipal level, totally 4.56% （26/570）of unusual disease trend developed as outbreaks, which accounted for 100% （26/26） of the outbreaks detected through network direct reporting. Up to 65.15% （43/66） of the outbreaks were detected through telephone reporting, 33.33% （22/66） through network direct reporting at district and county level, totally 16.80% （21/125） of unusual disease trend developed as outbreaks, which accounted for 95.45 % （21/22） of the outbreaks detected through network direct rreporting. Conclusion The CDCs at different levels obtained the information on public health emergency through different channels. It is necessary to develop and integrate surveillance technics to collect communicable disease informaation comprehensively and improve the capacity of early detection of communicable disease epidemic.

关 键 词：传染病 突发公共卫生事件 早期发现 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]