重大灾害中的集体行动及类型化分析  

Collective Action in Major Disasters and Type of Analysis

作　　者：周利敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2011年第6期97-102,共6页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(07JC840002);国家社会科学基金项目(08BSH011)

摘　　要：面对繁琐复杂的灾害表层现象时,如何进一步与主流社会学理论对话,这是未来灾害社会学研究重要的议题和努力方向。通过引入集体行动视角,将灾害中的集体行动具体化为"灾区内灾民集体行动"与"灾区外志愿者集体行动"两种类型。灾民的苦痛及重建的困境越大,对灾害的解读就越倾向"人祸"因素,并通过"搜索信息行动"、"定义情境行动"和"咎责行动",引起大量的抗争性负向集体行动,甚至威胁到政府的政治安全目标以及社会的公正和稳定性。政府应通过灾害信息的及时颁布、专家诠释等策略影响灾害情境定调取向,将灾害导向"天灾"而非政府的疏失。灾后资源缺乏并非负向集体行动产生的主要原因,更重要的是弱势群体的受灾风险偏高。灾害治理的最高境界就是通过对媒体和民间力量的监督以及公平性机制的建构,将灾害情境中的集体行动整合成救灾和灾后复原的正向行动而规避其负面风险。How to further carry out theoretical dialogue with mainstream sociology is an important problem and study direction of future sociology of disaster as disasters is more complex and diversified. By using the concept of collective action, this paper divides collective action of in disaster into two types： the victim＇s collective action within the disaster area and the volunteer＇s collective aetion outside the disaster area. Further it points out that they are likely to interpret natural disasters as man-made calamities when victims is in greater anguish and reconstruction has more difficulty, which will causes a lot of negative and resistant collective actions and then will threaten government＇s political goals and social justice and stability. At the same time, this paper emphasizes that, instead of the lack of post-disaster supplies, the high risk of vulnerable groups is a main cause of negative collective action. The best disaster management is to integrate collective action of disaster into the positive action of disaster relief and post-disaster recovery and to avoid its negative risks by setting up an oversight and fair mechanism of the media and civil society.

关 键 词：重大灾害 集体行动 灾民 灾害治理 

分 类 号：D693.9[政治法律—政治学]