必须有叙述者,抑或必要时才有叙述者——一个叙事学概念的长题短论  

Necessarily a Narrator or Narrator If Necessary:A Short Note on a Long Subject

作　　者：尤里.马戈林 尚必武[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]埃尔伯塔大学比较文学系 [2]浙江工商大学外国语学院 [3]华中师范大学文学院

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2011年第6期5-14,共10页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：译者的教育部人文社科项目(10YJC752033);浙江省社科联重点课题(2010Z06);浙江省教育厅人文社科项目(Y201016253)阶段性成果

摘　　要：(至少)就文学叙事而言,我建议用下述方式来理解"叙述者":一个内在于文本的语言位置,正在进行的叙述话语作为一个整体出现在这个位置上,话语所涉及的存在物、行动和事件也在这个位置上被标记出来。通过转喻转移和人格化的双重过程,"叙述者"这个术语被用来指代在这个位置上的假定占据者、叙述话语的假定生产者。叙述者是一个通过语言标记的、文本投射的、读者辨别的位置,这个位置上的占据者需主要从交际角色来看待,它不同于真实世界中有血有肉的(或计算机的)文本生产者。本文简要描述了八个不同的一般因素(语言学的、哲学的、方法论的和一般文学理论的),这些因素能够促使叙事学家判断叙述者在其文学叙事的一般模式中是不可或缺的一个种类/实例,还只是一个可选元素。在文章结尾,本文论述了近期两个试图规避这个选择的理论行动:重新描绘叙事学家的研究对象范畴或重新界定叙述者概念自身的地位。For（ at least） literary narratives I propose to understand ＂narrator＂ as follows： An inner-textual speech position from which the current narrative discourse as a whole originates, and from which references to the entities, actions and events that this discourse is about are being made. Through a dual process of metonymic transfer and anthropomorphisation the term ＂narrator＂ is then employed to designate a presumed occupant of this position, the hypothesized producer of the current dis- course. A narrator is a linguistically indicated, textually projected and readerly identified position whose occupant needs to be thought of primarily in terms of a communicative rule, distinct from any actual world flesh-and-blood （ or computer） producer of the text. The paper describes in brief eight different kinds of general considerations （linguistic, philosophical, methodological and general literary-theoretical） which can motivate a narratologist to judge the narrator category/instance as an indispensable or as a merely optional element of his general model of literary narrative. The article concludes with two recent theoretical moves which tend to circumvent the need for such a choice by either re-drawing the narratologist＇s domain of objects or by rede- fining the status of the narrator category itself.

关 键 词：叙述者 叙事学 语言位置 必要性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]