论精密单点定位整周模糊度解算的不同策略  

On the Different Strategies for Integer Ambiguity Resolution in Precise Point Positioning

作　　者：张宝成[1,2] 欧吉坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所动力大地测量学重点实验室,湖北武汉430077 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《测绘学报》2011年第6期710-716,共7页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40874009;41074013);国家杰出青年科学基金(40625013);中国科学院研究生科技创新与社会实践资助专项

摘　　要：由于GPS非差相位观测值的相位偏差(initial phase biases,IPB)与整周模糊度难以分离,精密单点定位(PPP)估值均为模糊度浮点解。首先对GPS原始观测方程的秩亏问题进行分析,从参数整合的角度,推导卫星IPB估计的满秩函数模型,形成一种新的PPP-AR算法。以此为基础,对已有两种算法的特点进行对比分析。研究表明,分解法是一种观测信息的最优利用,且与传统的星钟估计方法具有一致性,但未发掘卫星IPB较为稳定的有利约束;非整法对所采用的组合观测值之间的相关性未加考虑,是一种次优估计,实时性较差,且较依赖于高精度的码观测。推导的新算法可有效克服已有算法的不足,便于施加部分参数的合理时变性约束,提高卫星IPB估计的可靠性。Due to the inseparability between the initial phase biases （IPB） and the integer ambiguities in undifferenced （UD） GPS carrier phase observable, the solutions from precise point positioning （PPP） are always ambiguity-float. The rank-defect UDGPSobservationequation is firstly investigated, and the full-rank mathematical model for satellite IPB estimation is derived by means of re-parameterization, thus forming a new strategy for PPP- AR. Comparative analysis of the characteristics of both existing methods is subsequently conducted based on the derived re-parameterized equations. It is concluded from the analysis that full utilization of information from GPS observations is guaranteed in DSC method. The process of generating DSC is consistent with the standard satellite clocks estimation. However, the stable temporal behaviors of satellite IPB are net reasonably exploited. In contrast, the FPB method doesn＇t fully account for the mathematical correlations between the adopted linear combinations of GPS observations, which would result in a sub-optimal satellite IPB. Additionally, the real-time implementation of this method is more troublesome than the DSC, and the GPS code observations with high accuracy are always required. The newly presented strategy here can avoid the shortcomings in both current methods, and reasonable constraints that are converted from the temporal stability of several unknowns can be easily imposed upon the parameter estimation to lead to more reliable satellite IPB.

关 键 词：整周模糊度解算 精密单点定位 相位观测值 估计方法 组合观测值 相位偏差 观测方程 函数模型 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]