黄淮海平原地区中尺度环境对气温观测的影响  

The Effect of Meso-scale Environment on Temperature in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Area

作　　者：李欣[1] 郭建侠[2] 金莲姬[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2011年第6期740-746,共7页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200906041);中国气象局新技术推广项目(CMATG2010Z07)

摘　　要：随着城市化的迅猛发展,气象台站观测环境受到不同程度影响,有些台站甚至已经处于城市中心,影响了台站观测资料的代表性和准确性。本文利用2007年黄淮海渭河区199个气象台站20 km环境调查资料以及2005—2007年气温观测资料,对比分析了居民区台站和农田区台站气温观测值的差异。结果表明:居民区台站气温平均高于农田区台站0.662℃;台站周围建筑物对最低气温观测影响最大,对最高气温观测影响最小;不同季节的影响程度从大到小依次为冬季、春季、秋季、夏季;观测场周围建筑物对不同时刻气温观测的影响程度从大到小依次为02:00,20:00,08:00,14:00;随着下垫面比例的增大,两类台站的气温差不断加大。With the rapid development of urbanization,the environments of weather stations have suffered to varying degrees.The representativeness and accuracy of observational data are affected at some urban stations because the surrounding environment outside the observation field is very complex,and the impact on meteorological factors cannot be ignored.Using these observed data may lead to partial or even wrong conclusions. To solve this problem,population-based methods are proposed to determine the type of stations, without fully considering the meso-scale environment.Therefore a new method is introduced to determine the type of stations by analyzing the land use within 20 km. Previous studies usually focus on geographical area or all stations of country,but in order to investigate urbanization effects,it suggests choosing weather stations within the same climatic zone.The flat topographic and booming industry in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain provide favorable conditions for studying meso -scale impacts on temperature measurement.Using a temperature dataset of 199 stations during 2005—2007 and corresponding 20 km environmental survey data in 2007,the meso-scale environmental impacts on surface temperature are investigated.The data is revised based on latitude,longitude and altitude.The original observations without homogenization can reflect the impact of environment on the temperature because no station moved in this area during those yeares.This stations in the residential areas and farmland stations are compared by the average total annual value of the anomaly,the yearly value,the monthly value and the hourly value. The average observed temperature in residential area stations is 0.662℃higher than that in farmland stations.The buildings around the weather stations have much effect on the minimum temperature measurements, while affect little on the maximum temperature measurement.The environmental impact in descending order is caused in winter,spring,autumn and summer.The temperature measurements at different times are af

关 键 词：黄淮海平原区 中尺度观测环境 居民区 农田区 气温 

分 类 号：P412.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]