转基因耐除草剂作物的全球开发与利用及在我国的发展前景和策略  

Global development of herbicide-tolerant transgenic crops and a strategic prospect for China

作　　者：李云河[1] 李香菊[1] 彭于发[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护》2011年第6期32-37,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2011ZX08011-001)

摘　　要：农田杂草防治是农作物稳产高产的一个重要环节。化学除草剂以其高效、简便、经济的优势,一跃而成为我国现代农业中杂草治理的重要手段,但与此同时也带来了药害(对作物不安全)和抗药性问题。转基因技术的发展为培育耐除草剂作物品种提供了有力的手段。至今,全世界已培育出大量转基因耐除草剂作物品种。转基因耐除草剂作物的利用为拓宽除草剂的使用范围、减少作物药害带来了新的希望。本文在对国际上转基因耐除草剂作物的研发和商业化应用情况进行概述和分析的基础上,结合我国农作物生产的实际情况和小农户、多种作物混合种植的模式,提出转基因耐除草剂植物在我国开发利用的前景和相应的发展策略,以期为转基因耐除草剂作物的研究、开发和推广管理提供科学依据。Weed control is a significant process for ensuring high and stable yield of crops. Since use of chemical herbicides for weed control is very economic, highly efficient and easy to operate, it has been an important strate- gy in modern weed management in China. However, large-scale application of chemical herbicides has meanwhile resulted in some problems, such as herbicide damage to crops and weed resistance to herbicides. Development of recombinant DNA technology opens a way for the development of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant varie- ties/cultivars. So far a large number of herbicide-tolerant GM varieties have been developed in the world. Use of herbicide-tolerant transgenic crops can not only extend the herbicide application, but also reduce the herbicide damage to crops. In the current study, the global development and commercialization of herbicide-tolerant GM crops were summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, based on China＇s actual situation with small-scale farmers and multiple cropping systems, the development and prospective strategies have been proposed to provide references for research, development and management of herbicide-tolerant GM crops in China.

关 键 词：转基因耐除草剂作物 商业化种植 发展策略 风险管理 

分 类 号：S332[农业科学—作物遗传育种]