白洋淀流域气象要素和人类取用水变化过程分析  

Analysis of the Variations of the Meteorological Elements and Water Usage in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin

作　　者：吕彩霞[1] 牛存稳[1] 贾仰文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2011年第6期23-26,共4页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(5093900651021006);中国水科院科研专项(资集KF0701);水利部公益性行业专项(2008332012);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2008ZX07209-009-4)

摘　　要：白洋淀是华北地区最大的淡水湖泊,但是近年来频繁出现干淀问题,正确分析其主要原因为制定白洋淀入淀水量保障措施具有至关重要的意义。采用Mann-kendall方法对白洋淀历史降水、气温及农业、工业生活用水量的变化过程进行分析。结果显示,流域内山区与平原区降雨量均呈现减小趋势,且山区的降水衰减程度大于平原区降水;流域内1980年以后气温呈现增加趋势;用水方面,除农业用地表水在20世纪90年代后呈减少趋势,其他用水均为持续显著增加趋势,其中农业用地下水占据所有用水比例较大。上述结果表明,降水不断减少、气温持续升高以及人类活动强度的逐步加大是造成白洋淀入淀水量减少的主要原因。The Baiyangdian Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northern China. However, the presence of dry sediments has appeared frequently in recent years. Thus an accurate analysis of the causes of the phenomenon can help develop the ensuring measures for the water flowing into the Baiyangdian Lake. In this study, the Mann-kendall method is used to analyze the varia- tions of the historical precipitation and temperature, and the industrial and agricultural water usages in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin. Results indicate that 1） the precipitation decreases in the mountain and plain areas of the basin, and the decreasing rate is higher in the mountain area than the plain area; 2） the temperature has an increasing tendency since 1980 in the basin; and 3） the agricultural surface water usage has decreased after 1990s, whereas other water usages have an apparently increasing trend, especially the agricultural groundwater usage. Consequently, the decreasing precipitation, increasing temperature, and increasing anthropogenic activities are the main causes for the decreasing water flowing into the Baiyangdian Lake.

关 键 词：白洋淀流域 降水 气温 人类用水 历史变化 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]