华北地区施用有机肥对土壤氮组分及农田氮流失的影响  

Effects of manure on soil nitrogen components and nitrogen loss from farmland in North China

作　　者：杜晓玉[1] 徐爱国[1] 冀宏杰[1] 朱晓晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第6期13-19,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B03);国际科技合作项目(2007DFA30850-2);公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2010-24)

摘　　要：为研究有机肥施入土壤后引起的土壤氮组分含量变化对农田氮流失的影响,采用小区试验,并结合田间原位模拟降雨试验,分析施用的有机肥中氮组分的量、土壤氮含量、农田氮素流失浓度及流失量三者间的关系。结果表明:有机肥中酸解氨基酸氮、酸解铵态氮含量占全氮比例分别为28.6%～40.6%,21.3%～33.2%,平均为35.4%、26.4%,是有机肥氮的主要组分;随着单位面积施入农田的有机肥中酸解氨基酸氮、酸解铵态氮(均为可矿化氮)的量增加,0～20 cm土层土壤可矿化氮含量也增加,二者呈极显著正相关;随着耕层土壤中可矿化氮含量增加,农田渗漏液中总氮、水溶性总氮、硝态氮浓度增高,二者呈显著或极显著正相关;随着施用有机肥中可矿化氮的量增多,径流液中总氮、水溶性总氮流失量增加,渗漏液中总氮、水溶性总氮、硝态氮浓度及流失量增高,分别呈显著和极显著正相关。因此,农田中高量施入有机肥,可造成土壤可矿化氮含量增加,农田氮素流失风险也随之增大。In order to study of the effects of manure caused the soil nitrogen components changed and which on nitrogen loss from farmland.With the plot experiment and site-specific rainfall simulation experiment,the relationships among the amount of nitrogen in manure,the soil nitrogen content,the concentration and amount of nitrogen loss from farmland were analysis.The results showed that the ratio of the content of amino acid N（AAN）,ammonium N（AN）to（total N） TN in manure was 28.6%～40.6%,21.3%～33.2%,the average was 35.4%,26.4%.Both of them were the main components of hydrolysable N in manure.With the increasing of the amount of AAN,AN（both were mineralized N）in manure which applied the unit area farmland,the mineralized N content of 0~20 cm depth of soil were also increasing.The amount of AAN,AN in manure was significant or extremely significant positive correlated with the mineralized N content of 0~20 cm depth of soil.With the increasing of the mineralized N content of 0~20 cm depth of soil,the concentration of total N,soluble N,NO-3-N were increasing in leakage.The mineralized N content of 0~20 cm depth of soil was significant or extremely significant positive correlated with the concentration of total N,soluble N,NO-3-N.With the increasing of the amount of mineralized N in manure,the amount of total N,soluble N in runoff and the concentration and amount of total N,soluble N,NO-3-N in leakage were increasing.The amount of mineralized N in manure was extremely significant positive correlation and a significant positive correlated with the amount of total N,soluble N in runoff and the concentration and amount of total N,soluble N,NO-3-N in leakage,respectively.Therefore,if the field was applied to the high amount of manure,the content of soil mineralized N was also increasing,the risk of farmland nitrogen loss was also increasing.

关 键 词：有机肥 土壤氮含量 渗漏 径流 氮浓度 流失量 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]