基于雷达散射特征的堤防隐患诊断技术研究  

Study on technique of diagnosis on dike hidden troubles based on radar scattering characteristics

作　　者：杨磊[1,2] 周杨[1,2] 郭志生 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部堤防安全与病害防治工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450003 [3]莫斯科国立建筑大学

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2011年第12期97-100,共4页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：水利部堤防安全与病害防治工程技术研究中心开放课题(NO.黄科发201008)

摘　　要：结合堤防隐患的雷达散射特性,研究了不同堤防隐患在雷达波散射效应下的特征表现,分析了空洞、渗透、松散体、滑坡、裂缝、漏水等堤防隐患的雷达图谱。研究表明:堤防隐患的成像效果依赖于雷达设备的技术指标、测量参数和操作方法等因素,隐患图像解释的准确性依赖于图像处理技术。针对不同堤防隐患和设备物理参数,研究雷达波的散射特征,有助于更高精度地解析图像信息,是解决雷达波干扰多、衰减快、特征弱等问题的有效途径。结合雷达波的形态、波长、振幅、相位等特征信息,在对散射信号进行解释时采用二维时频分析的瞬态谱,并运用小波分析、Hilbert变换、Z变换等方法对图像进行去噪、增强、滤波处理,可对堤身探测范围内的隐患性状、分布、形态信息进行有效诊断。Combined with radar scattering characteristics of dike hidden troubles, the characteristics of various dike hidden troubles under the radar scattering effect are studied herein with analyses made on the radar images of the dike hidden troubles such as cavity, seepage, loose body, landslide, cracking, leakage, etc. The study indicates that the imaging effect of dike hidden troubles depends on the technical indexes, measurement parameters and operating methods of the relevant radar equipment. The study on the radar scattering characteristics for various dike hidden troubles and physical parameters of equipment is helpful for interpreting the images with more accuracy, which is an effective way to solve the problems such as more interference, quick attenuation, weak characteristics, etc. of the radar wave. Based on the characteristics information, i. e. wave pattern, wave length, amplitude, phase, etc. , an effective diagnosis on the properties, distribution, formation of the relevant hidden troubles can be made within the detected area of a dike, when the transient spectrum for 2-D time-frequency analysis is adopted to interpret scattering signal, and furthermore, the method of wavelet analysis, Hilbert transform, Z transform, etc. are applied to the treatments of denoising, enhancement, filtering, etc. on the images concerned.

关 键 词：堤防隐患 诊断技术 探地雷达 散射特性 电磁波 

分 类 号：P631.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]