呼伦贝尔草原野生豆科牧草资源及植物生态地理区系分析  

Study on species composition and ecologically geographical flora of wild leguminous plants in Hulunber steppe

作　　者：黄学文[1,2] 王明莹[2] 李杰[2] 辛晓平 陈宝瑞 

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100081 [2]呼伦贝尔学院生命科学与化学学院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2011年第4期105-110,共6页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重大科技项目(20091403);呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放课题(2010-08)

摘　　要：对呼伦贝尔草地野生豆科牧草的属种组成、生长习性、饲用价值及植物区系进行了研究.结果表明:呼伦贝尔草地现有豆科植物17属64种.这些豆科牧草的生长型中多年生草本植物有52种,占总种数的81.25%;水分生态型中各类中生种类有53种,占总种数的82.81%;大多数种类对典型草原和丘陵草甸草原生境的适应性良好;优等和良等牧草的种类超过60%,饲用价值高.植物区系成分在属的水平上有11个类型,温带成分有14个属,占总属数的82.35%;在种的水平上有13个类型、6个亚型,达乌里-蒙古成分有16种,温带亚洲成分有9种,中国-日本成分有8种,分别占总种数的25.00%,14.06%和12.50%,三者占有较大比例.植物区系特征在属的水平上表现为以温带成分为主,在种的水平上达乌里-蒙古成分等3种类型占较大比例,其他多种分布类型并存,表现为丰富的物种多样性特征.豆科植物决定着草地植被的质量,对豆科牧草植物生态地理区系进行分析,对维护呼伦贝尔草原植物多样性、保持草地生态系统生产力具有重要意义.This papers carried out a research focusing on the species composition,growing habit,forage value and the flora of wild leguminous forages in Hulunber steppe.The results showed that there existed 64 species of leguminous plants belonging to 17 genera in Hulunber steppe.Among the growth forms of these leguminous plants,there were 52 perennial species occupying 81.25% of the total number,and 53 hydrophytic for 82.81%.Most leguminous species can well adapt to the typical and meadow steppe environment.The amount of excellent and good leguminous plant species surpassed 60% of the total number and they had high value for feeding animals.The statistics showed the flora was classified into 11 types of genera and 14 genera belonged to temperate zone components which occupied 82.35%.The leguminous plant species can be also classified into 13 types and 6 subtypes at the species level.For the flora components,there are 16 species of Dahuria-mongolia,9 species of temperate Asia and 8 species of China-Japan,and their proportion are 25.00%,14.06% and 12.50% respectively.These above three components took up a large proportion in Hulunber steppe.The flora mainly presented as temperate components at genera level and as Dahuria-mongolia,temperate Asia,China-Japan or coexistence of multiple distribution types with high biodiversity at species level.Legumes played an important role in determining the quality of forages,and the analyzing the ecologically geographical flora,as well as maintaining biodiversity and high productivity in Hulunber grassland ecosystem.

关 键 词：豆科牧草 生长习性 生态类型 植物区系 饲用价值 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]