测土配方施肥对卷心菜增产效果研究  

Effect of soil testing and fertilizing on common head cabbage yield

作　　者：陆萍[1] 程秋华[1] 饶燕铭 

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区农业技术推广服务中心,上海201800

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2011年第4期139-143,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：嘉定区科学技术发展基金项目(2009)JKK007资助

摘　　要：为探索测土配方施肥对卷心菜增产效果,研究了氮、磷、钾配比与卷心菜成产的作用关系,确定卷心菜生产最佳施肥方案。结果表明:"N_2P_2K_2+沼液"增产最显著,较无肥区增产57.79%。氮肥通过影响植株的发育而影响卷心菜产量,是影响作物产量的关键因素,而磷、钾的影响较少。增产率以氮肥最高(28.25%),钾肥次之(17.11%),磷肥第三(15.44%);产投比以氮肥最高(8.32),磷肥次之(8.08),钾肥第三(5.56);产出率以钾肥最高(50.92),氮肥次之(47.59),磷肥第三(45.96);肥料利用率趋势同产出率;从相对经济产量来看,以磷肥最高,钾肥次之,氮肥最低,这也进一步说明缺失氮肥将阻碍产量增加,而磷、钾肥对产量影响相对较小。沼液在处理2中兼作基肥和追肥,减少了化肥用量,提升了卷心菜品质。在扣除肥料成本后,处理2的经济效益最显著。The relations of N,P and K fertilizer rates to common head cabbage yield were studied through field experiments,and the optimal fertilizer rates were determined.The results showed that N_2P_2K_2＋biogas slurry had the best effect on production and made the yield increase by 57.79%over no fertilization.N fertilizer was a key factor influencing the yield through affecting the development of plants,while P and K fertilizers influenced the yield less.The descending order in yield-increasing effect was N（28.25%）,K（17.11%） and P（15.44%）,that in output-input ratio was N（8.32）,P（8.08） and K（5.56）,and that in output ratio was K（50.92）,N（47.59） and P（45.96）;The trend in fertilizer utilization ratio was the same as that in the output ratio;The descending order in relative economic yield was P,K and N,which further showed that N fertilizer deficiency would hinder the yield from increasing while P and K fertilizers influenced the yield less.Biogas slurry in Treatment 2 was used as both basal fertilizer and additional fertilizer and so application of chemical fertilizers was reduced, thus improving the cabbage quality.After deducting the cost of fertilizers,the economic benefit of Treatment 2 was the best.

关 键 词：卷心菜 施肥量 沼液 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S635.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]