闽西北地区降水回波特征和人工增雨作业条件分析  

Characteristics of Precipitation Echoes and Conditions for Rocket Precipitation Enhancement Operations in Northwest Fujian

作　　者：林长城[1] 陈彬彬[1] 隋平[1] 王宏[1] 夏辉[2] 陈敏艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省气象科学研究所,福州350001 [2]福建省气象局,福州350001

出　　处：《气象科技》2011年第6期697-702,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省科技厅重点项目(2009Y006);2005年福建省气象局科研课题(200502);2008年福建省气象科学研究所科研课题共同资助

摘　　要：利用新一代天气雷达回波资料、850hPa天气图和地面降水资料对闽西北地区的云雨资源、有利人工增雨作业的天气系统、降水回波特征及人工增雨作业指标进行分析。结果表明:福建闽西北地区有利于开展人工增雨作业的主要天气系统可分为9类:大陆高压、副高外围、暖区辐合、热带辐合带、低槽、台风(低压)、低涡、低涡切变和其他类。积层混合云为当地人工增雨的主要作业对象。积状云和积层混合云的回波高度和回波面积越大,对应的降水等级越高。积层混合云的回波强度和负温区厚度对降水等级影响明显。闽西北地区火箭人工增雨作业指标为:积状云和积层混合云的回波强度分别为大于30dBz和25dBz,回波顶高分别为5500m和5000m以上,负温区厚度大于1500m和2000m,回波面积大于1000km2和2500km2以上,垂直积分液态水含量大于1kg.m-2和云系云顶温度介于-28～-12℃之间。The cloud and precipitation resources, weather systems propitious to precipitation enhancement operations, precipitation echo characteristics, and indexes of precipitation enhancement operations in Northwest Fujian are analyzed, based on the CINRAD radar echo images, 850 hPa synoptic charts and surface precipitation data from 299 weather processes from May 2005 to July 2007. The results show that the chief weather systems propitious to precipitation enhancement operations include continental high, subtropical anticyclone, warmsector convergence, tropical convergence, the other, trough, typhoon （low pressure）, low vortex, and low vortex shear, respectively. Stratuscumulus mixed clouds were the primary objects of local precipitation enhancement operation. For cumuliform clouds and stratuscumulus mixed clouds, the larger the echo height and area were, the higher the corresponding precipitation grade was. The echo intensity and the depth of negative temperature layer of stratuscumulus mixed clouds had great effects on precipitation grade. The indexes of rocket precipitation enhancement operations in Northwest Fujian were： the echo intensity of cumuliform clouds and stratuscumulus mixed clouds should be larger than 30 and 25 dBz, the echo top should be higher than 5500 and 5000 meters, the depth of negative temperature layer should be larger than 1500 and 2000 meters, the echo area should be larger than 1000 and 2500 square kilometers, the vertically integrated liquid water should be more than 1 kg·m^-2 , and the cloud top temperature of nephsystem should range from -28 ℃ to -12 ℃, respectively.

关 键 词：回波特征 作业指标 人工增雨 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]