农村劳动力转移与中国城市农民工市场的波动——兼论新《劳动法》对农民工市场的影响  

Rural Labor Transfer and the Fluctuations of Migrant Workers Market in the Cities of China——On the Impact of Migrant Workers Market by the New Labor Law

作　　者：刘玉萍[1] 郭郡郡[2] 李馨鸾[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学政治与行政学院,四川南充637009 [2]西南财经大学中国西部经济研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2011年第12期48-53,共6页Contemporary Economic Management

摘　　要：中国城市具有二元劳动力市场结构,农民工市场属于第二劳动力市场。农民工市场的均衡模型表明,供需弹性的相对大小会影响农民工市场的自动调节,进而引起农民工市场的均衡与波动。以城市劳动力市场的构成以及城市农民工市场的波动情况为视角,中国农村劳动力向城市的转移可分为三个阶段。2003年以前城市农民工市场可以自动达到供求均衡,而2004年以后则交替出现"民工荒"和失业等劳动力市场的缺口,主要是由于农民工市场的供给和需求弹性的相对大小发生了变化。新《劳动法》增加了企业的用工成本,但尚无法确定其是否会改变供需弹性的相对大小,因而也无法确定是否引起了农民工市场的波动。短期内,政府可以通过影响供需弹性的相对大小来降低城市农民工市场的波动,长期而言,只有采取有力措施变城市二元劳动力市场为一元劳动力市场,才能从根本上解决我国农民工市场的波动问题。There is dual labor market structure in the city of china and the migrant workers market is in the second labor market.The market equilibrium model of migrant workers shows that the relative elasticity of supply and demand will affect the market＇s automatic adjustment,and then lead to fluctuations of the migrant workers market.From perspective of the composition of the urban labor market and the volatility of migrant workers market in the city,China＇s rural labor transfer from rural to urban areas can be divided into three stages.The balance of migrant workers market can be achieved automatically before 2003,but since 2004,＂ shortage＂ and the unemployment gap in the labor market occurrence alternately result from the relative elasticity of supply and demand changing.New ＂Labor Law＂increases the company＇s labor costs,but we don＇t know whether the relative elasticity of supply and demand will be changed,and then we don＇t know if it causes fluctuations of migrant workers market.In short,government can reduce the fluctuations of the migrant workers market through affect the relative elasticity of supply and demand. In the long run,in order to solve the problem of the fluctuations of migrant workers market,we can only take effective measures to change urban dual labor market into single labor market.

关 键 词：劳动力转移 农民工市场 供需弹性 新《劳动法》 

分 类 号：F241.2[经济管理—劳动经济]