上海市秋季典型大气高污染过程中颗粒物的化学组成变化特征  被引量:50

Chemical characteristics of particulate matters during air pollution episodes in autumn of Shanghai,China

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作  者:周敏[1,2] 陈长虹[1] 王红丽[1] 黄成[1] 苏雷燕[2] 陈宜然[1] 李莉[1] 乔月珍[2] 陈明华[1] 黄海英[1] 张钢锋[1] 

机构地区:[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237

出  处:《环境科学学报》2012年第1期81-92,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基  金:国家科技支撑计划(No.2009BAK43B33);公益性科研专项计划课题(No.2010467001);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室专项经费资助项目(No.11K05ESPCP);上海市科委资助项目(No.10231203802)~~

摘  要:于2010年10月1日至11月30日在上海市城区对大气中颗粒物质量浓度及细粒子化学组分进行了在线连续观测,获得了秋季大气灰霾和沙尘等典型污染过程中颗粒物质量浓度和化学组成的变化特性.观测结果显示,在大气灰霾污染过程中PM10和PM2.5的日均最高浓度分别达到216~293μg·m-3和130~204μg·m-3,PM2.5/PM10的比值在65%以上,总的可溶性无机离子(TWSII)占PM2.5质量浓度的50%以上,有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的总和占25%~30%.二次可溶性离子(SO24-,NO3-,NH4+)占TWSII的83.3%~87.5%,OC/EC的比值在5左右,表明在灰霾污染过程中二次组分对PM2.5的贡献较大;沙尘天气以粗粒子污染为主,TWSII、OC和EC分别仅占PM2.5质量浓度的27.2%、13.4%和2.0%,二次可溶性离子(SO42-,NO3-,NH4+)占TWSII的55.7%,Ca2+、Mg2+等地壳组分的比例较灰霾天气明显升高.研究结果还显示,SO24-和NO3-等二次离子组分的生成与颗粒物中硫与氮的氧化速率有关,在大气灰霾过程中硫转化率(SOR)和氮转化率(NOR)值较高,分别为0.24±0.10和0.15±0.06,说明SO2通过二次反应生成SO24-的能力较强,在污染的环境下高浓度的NO2更有利于向NO3-转化.Continuous measurements were conducted in the urban area of Shanghai from October to November, 2010. The mass concentrations and chemical characteristics of PM2 s during different pollution episodes, including haze and sand storm episodes, were obtained. The maximum daily mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 216 - 293μg. m- 3 and 130 - 204 μg. m- 3, respectively. During the haze episode, the ratio of PM2.5 to PMIo was over 65% , the total water soluble inorganic ions (TWSII) accounted for more than 50% of the mass concentration of PM2.s, and the carbonaceous particle (OC and EC) contributed 25% -30% to the PM2.5 mass concentration. Meanwhile, secondary water soluble ions (SO42- , NO3- , NH4 ) contributed 83.3% - 87.5% to TWSII, and the ratio of OC/EC was around 5, suggesting the large contribution from secondary formation to PMz.s during the haze episode. Different from the haze episode, the coarse particle has larger contribution to PM2.s during the sand storm episode, with TWSII, OC and EC accounting only for 27.2% , 13.4% , 2.0% , and secondary water soluble ions contributing 55.7% to the TWSII. In addition, larger proportion of crust ions ( Ca2 + , Mg2 + ) in PM2 5 was found during the sand storm episode than that during the haze episode. High concentrations of secondary ions in haze days may be resulted from the strong oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen. During the haze episode, the oxidation ratios of sulfur and nitrogen reached 0. 24 + 0.10 and 0.15 ±0.06, suggesting the strong transformation potentials of NO2 and SO2 to NO3^- and SO2-.

关 键 词:细粒子 化学组分 水溶性离子 有机碳与元素碳  

分 类 号:X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]

 

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