城市化过程中的农民工市民化问题  

Urbanization and Migrant's Citizenlization Process

作　　者：刘爱玉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系 [2]北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心,研究员北京100871

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2012年第1期112-118,共7页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究项目(项目编号:08JJD840192);国家社会科学基金课题项目(08BSH059)“和谐社会建设中企业社会责任的社会学研究”;北京大学/香港理工大学中国社会工作研究与发展中心“社会转型过程中农民工权益维护与劳动关系研究”资助项目的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：本文认为,目前官方的关于2009年城镇化水平达到47.6%的结论,只是一种表象,原因在于官方城镇人口统计中的农民工群体,其目前的生存状态无法与作为城市化主体的市民相称。农民工市民权的缺失表现为非正规工作、社会保障的有限性与不平等性、政治参与和利益代表不足、家庭分离的居住形式、平等教育权的缺失。文章从历史的视角考察了国家发展战略及其制度安排和结构性压力的相互作用及其对农民工市民化进程的影响,指出农民工市民化的出路在于外部"赋能"与自身"增能"。为此,需要:(1)国家在制定发展战略时对农民工的市民化予以高度重视,对农民工的城市化进程、定位、路径安排等要有整体性的规划与布局,要将农民工看作是公民而不仅仅是城市经济发展所需要的劳动力;(2)国家全面、系统地改革现行的社会政策体系,而不仅仅是考虑改革户籍制度甚至取消户籍制度本身;(3)让农民工获得足够的收入并拥有支付城市生活费用的能力,特别是组织能力和市场能力。That the extent of urbanization in 2009 was 47.6% by official statistics is really a phenomenon of spurious urbanization owing to its mobility population who have been living in urban area for 6 months or more. Main part of mobility population is rural migrant workers whose citizen rights are deprived. The research mainly disscusses about the interaction of institution, structure and migrant＇ s citizenlization process from a historical perspective, and poinds out the importance of empowerment for migrant workers. First, we should pay much attention to the migrant workers＇ citizenlization issues in formulating nation- al development strategy, put them into an integrated planning process and treat them as urban residents instead of labor force only. Second, we should comprehensively and systematically reform the current social policies （ including household registration system）, rather than just reform or even abolish household registration system itself. Third, we should make it possible that migrant workers could get enough income and have the capability to afford to their living in urban area, esp. the capabilities of organizing and marketing.

关 键 词：农民工 市民化 城市化 

分 类 号：D412.6[政治法律—政治学] F299.2[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]