两种丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效及根系抗病相关酶活性的影响  

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on fusarium wilt and disease resistance-related enzyme activity in cucumber seedling root

作　　者：王倡宪[1] 李晓林[2] 宋福强[3] 王贵强[1] 李北齐[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院农业部植物营养学重点开放实验室,北京100094 [3]黑龙江大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第1期53-57,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12511403);国家自然科学基金项目(30571493);黑龙江省科技厅国际科技合作项目(WB09C101)资助

摘　　要：由尖孢镰刀菌引起的黄瓜枯萎病是设施黄瓜生产的主要障碍之一,丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)可以和包括黄瓜在内约80%的维管植物的根系形成菌根共生体,适宜的共生体组合对于寄主的生长与抗病性的提高十分有益。为明确Glomus versiforme与Glomus intraradices两种AM真菌对"津绿3号"黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防治效果。试验采用盆钵培养的方法,研究了两种AM真菌对幼苗生长及其根系3种抗病相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:两种AM真菌均可促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,并能减轻病害,但以G.versiforme的促生及生防作用更显著,接种G.versiforme处理的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积及干重均显著大于对照,该处理的幼苗病情指数较对照降低26.6%。菌根化黄瓜幼苗抗病性的提高一方面与接种病原菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum前幼苗生长健壮有关;另一方面与根系抗病相关酶活性的提前诱导有关。接种F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum前,G.versiforme处理的黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数显著高于G.intraradices处理与对照,分别为G.intraradices处理与对照的1.19倍与1.22倍;G.versiforme处理的黄瓜幼苗根系几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶与PAL酶分别比对照提前2 d、7 d、7 d被诱导,且酶活性分别为对照的1.44倍、2.16倍和92.00倍。Fusarium.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum wilt disease severely limits cucumber production. There is a symbiotic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and over 80% of vascular plants including cucumber. This relationship is not only beneficial to growth, but also to tolerance of plant to pathogens. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the bio-control ef- fects of Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradices against cucumber wilt. Meanwhile, the activities of three disease resistance enzymes in the root were examined. The results showed that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved cucumber seedling growth and reduced disease severity. G. versiforme presented more obviously growth-promoting and bio-controlling effects than G intraradices. Compared with the control, G. versiforme significantly enhanced cucumber growth parameters such as seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight while reducing disease index by 26.6%. Improved growth and early induction of defense enzymes of mycorrhizal seedlings increased plant disease resistance. Before E oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum infection, the main growth parameters （e.g., height, leaf area and dry weight） of G. versiforme or G. intraradices inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than those of the control. The index of seedling quality of G. versiforme inoculated seedlings was respectively 1.19 and 1.22 times of that of G. intraradices inoculated seedlings and the control seedlings. This implied that before F. oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum in- fection, G. versiforme inoculated seedlings were significantly stronger than both the G. intraradices inoculated seedlings and the control seedlings. The highest activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and PAL in G. versiforme pre-inoculated roots occurred 2, 7 and 7 days earlier than those in the control. The corresponding enzymes activities were 1.44, 2.16 and 92.00 times that of the control, respectively. The results provided efficient ways of protecting cucumber seedlings against Fusarium w

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 黄瓜 枯萎病 壮苗指数 根系 抗病相关酶 

分 类 号：S436.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]