苏打型盐碱化芦苇沼泽地“苇-蟹-鳜-鲴”模式研究  

An eco-agriculture model of "reed-crab-mandarin fish-microlepido yellowtal" for enhanced production functions of soda saline-alkali reed marshlands

作　　者：杨富亿[1] 李秀军[1] 刘兴土[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第1期116-120,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20080402-1);吉林省农业综合开发项目(01-022088202)资助

摘　　要：为探索苏打型盐碱化芦苇沼泽地优质高效的可持续利用模式,通过盐碱水环境下中华绒螯蟹、斑鳜与细鳞鲴的驯化养殖和农田工程、水质与水量管理及芦苇栽培的技术措施,建立了芦苇+中华绒螯蟹+斑鳜+细鳞鲴(苇蟹鳜鲴)模式23.6 hm2。据2006—2009年的试验结果,"苇蟹鳜鲴"模式的中华绒螯蟹、斑鳜和细鳞鲴的年产量分别为81.00 kg·hm-2、39.34 kg·hm-2和58.62 kg·hm-2;芦苇产量5 478 kg·hm-2,比原始沼泽地提高1.2倍,年平均增长22.0%;经济效益1.45×104元·hm-2,比原始沼泽地提高13倍;水环境盐度与碱度、土壤含盐量年平均分别下降19.1%、10.3%和20.3%,土壤有机质年平均增加8.9%。"苇蟹鳜鲴"模式的推广应用使人均纯收入年平均增长11.2%,对提高人均纯收入的贡献率为43%。"苇蟹鳜鲴"模式使芦苇沼泽地的生态功能与生产功能进一步提高,是经济效益、生态效益和社会效益协调发展,优质高效的湿地生态农业模式,可供苏打型盐碱化芦苇沼泽地的高效可持续利用借鉴。To explore high beneficial use of soda saline-alkali reed marshlands, an eco-agriculture model （consisting of reeds, crabs, spotted mandarin fish, and microlepido yellowtail） was developed and tested in a 23.6 hm2 marshland. The model tamed and cultured crabs, spotted mandarin fish and microlepido yellowtal in saline-alkali water with natural food supply. The model also involved farmland water conservancy projects, water quantity and quality management and reeds high-output cultivation. The results for 2006--2009 showed that the outputs of crabs, spotted mandarin fish and microlepido yellowtal were 81.00 kg.hm-2, 39.34 kg.hm-2 and 58.62 kg.hm-2, respectively. Reed output was 5 478 kg.hm-2, which represented an increase of 1.2 times （22.0% per year） over natural marshlands. The total economic benefit from the model was 1.45x104 Yuan per hm2, an increase of 13 times over natural marshlands. Water salinity, alkalinity and soil salt content respectively declined by 19.1%, 10.3% and 20.3%. Soil organic matter content also increased by 8.9% per year. The model increased per-capita net income by 11.2% per year, which represented a contribution rate of 43% to increase of per-capita net income. The findings suggested that the model application further enhanced the functions of production and ecology of soda saline-alkali reed marshlands. The model achieved simultaneous benefits for the economy, ecology and society, and was therefore applicable to soda saline-alkali reed marshlands.

关 键 词：芦苇沼泽地 生态农业模式 芦苇 中华绒螯蟹 斑鳜 细鳞鲴 效益 

分 类 号：S156.44[农业科学—土壤学] Q948.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]