河道湿地干湿运行模式下铵氮的迁移转化研究  

Transformation of ammonium nitrogen in riverine wetland under regular alternative flooding and draining

作　　者：杨汉培[1] 张颖[1] 戴开静[1] 李文朝[2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室环境学院,江苏南京210098 [2]中国科学院南京地理湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《水利学报》2011年第12期1407-1415,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB221408);教育部留学归国人员基金(1061-50802412);河南省郑州市污水厂尾水复合型湿地深度净化回用技术(2006AA06Z325)

摘　　要：为优化湿地设计及运行,研究了湿地土壤温度及含水率对氨氮脱除的影响,进行了贾鲁河湿地中试工程干湿交替运行试验。室内研究结果表明,在设定条件范围内,土壤温度30℃,含水率12.5%时铵氮脱除速率最高。试验条件下湿地土壤中的铵氮脱除系铵的硝化转化和无机氮损失(氨挥发、反硝化以及微生物同化等)的协同作用结果,低温条件下主要表现为硝化转化,高温条件下以无机氮损失为主。随后,分别建立了硝化反应及无机氮损失动力学模型,获得了不同温度、含水率条件下的模型参数。贾鲁河湿地冬季干湿运行结果表明,硝化产物累积量沿土壤深度方向递减。干化后,12cm范围内土壤铵氮脱除率约为50%,20～22cm约为35%。湿地对河水铵氮的净化能力由干化前的20%升至干化后的60%。最后,建立了冬季湿地硝化转化为主的铵氮脱除动力学方程,方程所得预测值与实际情况吻合良好,方程参数值可作为湿地冬季干湿运行管理的重要依据。Alternative flooding and draining for wetland is proposed as an effective way to improve their capability of wastewater treatment. To acquire the key parameters for the designation and operation of wetlands, ammonium transformation under different soil moisture and temperature were investigated. The results of ammonium removal in soil in laboratory show that, ammonium removal reached the highest level under the condition of temperature 30℃ and water content 12.5%. Inorganic nitrogen losses including ammonia volatilization, denitrification as well as the assimilation by microbes and the nitrification of ammonium as the main process for ammonium removal were fitted by exponential and growth function, respectively. The experimental results during the operation of alternative draining and flooding of wetlands in winter indicate that, the amount of nitrification products decreased along soil depth. In winter, the removal rate of ammonium in soil within depth 12cm and 20-22cm can reach to 50% and 35% of its maximum after 20 days drainage, respectively. The removal rate of ammonium in river increased from 20% before drainage to 60% after drainage. The dynamic characteristics of ammonium removal in winter were analyzed by growth function, and the acquired parameters were suggested as the important guidance for the operation of wetlands under alternative draining and flooding in winter.

关 键 词：河道湿地 干湿运行 铵氮脱除 无机氮损失 硝化转化 

分 类 号：O643[理学—物理化学]