雷州半岛徐闻西岸珊瑚岸礁造礁珊瑚群落结构及其演变  

REEF-BUILDING CORAL COMMUNITY AND EVOLUTIONARY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRINGING REEFS ON THE WEST COAST OF XUWEN COUNTY,LEIZHOU PENINSULA

作　　者：刘苗苗[1,2] 沈建伟[1] 王月[1,2] 杨红强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011年第6期37-45,共9页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(9251030101000004,8151030101000015);国家自然科学基金项目(40976030);中国科学院南海海洋研究所知识创新工程领域前沿项目(LYQY200806)

摘　　要：雷州半岛徐闻西南海岸发育中国陆地最南端的珊瑚岸礁,这也是目前陆地海岸仅存的珊瑚岸礁。该区域内现生石珊瑚以滨珊瑚、蜂巢珊瑚、鹿角珊瑚、角蜂巢珊瑚、蔷薇珊瑚、扁脑珊瑚、牡丹珊瑚等为优势种,礁栖生物主要以软体动物和节肢动物为主,构成鹿角珊瑚―蜂巢珊瑚―滨珊瑚群落。根据珊瑚生态特征和礁坪发育的地貌特征,可以把徐闻灯楼角岸礁从岸向海分为潮间砂石覆盖带、潮下内礁坪珊瑚碎块沉积带、潮下外礁坪活珊瑚生长稀疏带和潮下礁坪外缘活珊瑚繁盛带。潮下外礁坪和礁坪外缘带以角孔珊瑚为优势种,珊瑚礁区相对海平面和表层海温的变化以及沿岸的富营养物质注入,对珊瑚礁的生长发育起着决定性作用,并从珊瑚礁的发育中可知该区珊瑚礁主要形成于全新世中期。近几年,珊瑚礁覆盖率的调查显示,气候和沿海岸城镇建设及人口增加引起的环境变化导致了本区珊瑚礁优势种的转变,并诱发了群落结构的动态变化。Fringing reefs are well developed on the southwest coast of Xuwen County at the Leizhou Peninsula, southernmost tip of China mainland. They are the only fringing coral reefs remaining on the coast of the mainland, laving corals in the fringing coral reefs consist of Porites, Favia, Acropora, Favite, Montipora, Platygyra and Pavona, dominated by Acropora-Favia-Porites community. Molluscs and arthropods are the main dwelling organisms. According to the coral ecology and reef-flat topographic features, the Dengloujiao fringing reef on the west coast of Xuwen County can be divided into 4 zones from the shore to the sea： 1） the intertidal zone covered by sand and gravel, 2） the subtidal inner reef-flat with coral fragment and bioclast deposits, 3） the subtidal outer reef-flat with sparse living corals, and 4） the subtidal reef-flat rim of living corals. Goniopora is the dominant species in subtidal outer reef-flat and reef-flat rim. Relative sea-level changes, sea surface temperature variations and coastal eutrophication influx significantly affect the growth of coral reefs. The fringing coral reefs are primarily formed in the mid-Holocene based on the analysis of reef development and evolution. Recent surveys on the coral reefs indicate that the environmental changes caused by climate changes, coastal civil construction and population increase resulted in the changes in dominant coral species in reefal area, and the dynamic changes in the coral community.

关 键 词：造礁珊瑚 群落结构 演变特征 岸礁 雷州半岛 

分 类 号：P736.22[天文地球—海洋地质]