绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响  

Effects of green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass C,N and nitrogen supplying characteristics of tobacco-planting soils

作　　者：李正[1,2] 刘国顺[1] 敬海霞[1,2] 叶协锋[1] 解昌盛 向永光 张文平 杨超 王永[1,5] 习相银[6] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]重庆市烟草公司巫溪分公司,重庆405800 [3]重庆市烟草公司武隆分公司,重庆408500 [4]重庆市烟草公司,重庆400023 [5]郑州经济技术开发区,河南郑州450016 [6]西南大学,重庆400708

出　　处：《草业学报》2011年第6期126-134,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局项目(200801001/200801002)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤供氮能力的影响,为探索发展低碳烟草农业、构建资源节约型和环境友好型农业,实现烟叶生产的可持续发展和特色烟叶开发提供理论依据。结果表明,绿肥与化肥配施能明显提高土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和土壤的供氮能力。在烟株生长发育过程中,绿肥与化肥的不同配施比例对土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮及土壤供氮能力的影响有明显的差异。与对照相比,配施绿肥的各处理在烟株不同生育时期土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和脲酶活性的提高幅度分别为7.07%～123.32%,3.28%～157.69%和3.13%～50.00%,土壤全氮和碱解氮含量的最高提高幅度分别为22.21%和15.42%,绿肥配施量以15 000～22 500kg/hm2的综合效果较好。在烟草不同生育时期,土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮的动态变化不同,微生物量碳的高峰出现在团棵期和现蕾期,而微生物量氮的高峰出现在团棵期和圆顶期。绿肥与化肥配施后,绿肥对促进微生物生物量增加和酶活性增强的贡献更大,绿肥矿化释放的氮素可以作为微生物量氮和土壤氮的重要给源,同时绿肥还具有明显的保存氮素的作用,能够提高土壤的供氮能力,表明配施绿肥后土壤生物过程活跃,有利于土壤有机物质的转化和烤烟正常生长所需要的营养供应。In field experiments,the effects of green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass C,N and nitrogen supplying characteristics of tobacco-planting soils were studied to provide a theoretical basis to study low carbon agriculture and to build resource-saving,environment-friendly agriculture and to promote the sustainable development of tobacco agriculture and the production of tobacco leaves with specific characteristics.Green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers increased soil microbial biomass C,N and soil nitrogen supplying capacity.The effects of application ratio of green manure and chemical fertilizer were different at different growth stages.In comparison with the control at different growth stages,soil microbial biomass C,N and soil urease activity were increased 7.07%-123.32%,3.28%-157.69% and 3.13%-50.00%,respectively by green manure application.The contents of soil total nitrogen and alkalytic nitrogen increased by 22.21% and 15.42%.The dynamics of microbial biomass C and N were different at different growth stages.Microbial biomass C peaked at the rosette stage and the budding stage,while microbial biomass N peaked at the rosette stage and the topping stage.The contribution of green manure to soil microbial biomass C,N and enzyme activity was greater than that of chemical fertilizer.Green manure was a main resource of soil microbial biomass N and soil nitrogen.At the same time,green manure also played an important role in the preservation of soil nitrogen.The above results revealed green manure application could promote the activity of soil organisms,favouring the turnover of organic matter in the soil and the provision of nutrition to meet the needs of tobacco＇s normal growth.

关 键 词：绿肥 化肥 土壤微生物量C、N 脲酶活性 土壤氮 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]