薄膜覆盖法杀灭鱼塘和沟渠钉螺的效果  

Snail control effect of film covering method in fish ponds and ditches

作　　者：张科[1] 刘宁 刘松怀 龚云华[1] 候宁[1] 孙继江 吴锋[3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省南京市栖霞区疾病预防控制中心,南京210037 [2]江苏省南京市栖霞区靖安街道卫生服务中心 [3]江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2011年第6期695-696,707,共3页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

摘　　要：目的评价薄膜覆盖法杀灭鱼塘及周边沟渠环境钉螺的效果。方法选择有螺鱼塘及周边有螺沟渠,分别采用"氯硝柳胺药物喷洒+薄膜覆盖"("药物+覆膜"法)和单纯氯硝柳胺药物喷洒(药物喷洒法)进行灭螺试验,并于灭后15、30、90d和360d进行灭螺效果观察;同时观察灭螺现场的鱼类等水生动物死亡情况。结果 "药物+覆膜"法在鱼塘和沟渠环境15、30、90d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为92.31%、99.36%、100%和91.45%、95.84%、100%,未发生鱼类死亡现象,1年后活螺密度分别降为0和0.07只/0.1m2;而单纯药物喷洒法在两种环境中的钉螺校正死亡率分别为75.36%、72.59%、65.76%和70.36%、72.87%、75.82%,且有鱼类等水生动物死亡,1年后的活螺密度分别为0.11只/0.1m2和0.13只/0.1m2。结论在鱼塘及周边沟渠特殊有螺环境,应用"药物+覆膜"法,既可显著提高灭螺效果,又可有效避免药物灭螺对鱼类等水生动物的毒性影响,值得推广应用。Objective To evaluate the snail control effect of a film covering method in fish ponds and ditches. Methods Two fish ponds and 2 ditches with Oncomelania snails were selected as pilots, and 1 fish pond as Group A1 and I ditch as Group B1 received niclosamide spraying ＋ film covering, and another fish pond as Group A2 and another ditch as Group B2 received niclosamide spraying only. The snail control effects were observed at 15, 30, 90 d and 360 d after the test, and the fish and other aquatic were also observed. Results In Group A1, the adjusted mortality rates of snails were 92.31%, 99.36% and 100% at 15 , 30 d and 90 d after the test, respectively; in Group B1, the adjusted mortality rates of snails were 91.45,%, 95.84% and 100% at 15, 30 d and 90 d after the test, respectively; and there was no death of fish. The densities of snails were 0 and 0.07 snails/0.1 m^2 one year after the test, respectively. In Group A2, the adjusted mortality rates of snails were 75.36%, 72.59% and 65.76% at 15 d, 30 d and 90 d after the test, respectively; in Group B2, the adjusted mortality rates of snails were 70.36%, 72.87% and 75.82% at 15, 30 d and 90 d after the test, respectively; and there was death of fish. The densities of snails were 0.11 snails/0.1 m^2 and 0.13 snails/0.1 m^2 one year after the test, respectively. Conclusion In ponds and ditches with snails, the niclosamide spraying ＋ film covering method is very effective and safe.

关 键 词：钉螺 塑料薄膜 鱼塘 沟渠 灭螺效果 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]