中国5岁以下儿童意外死亡趋势分析  

Epidemiological Analysis on the Trend of National Accidental Death Among Children Under Five.

作　　者：林良明[1] 刘玉琳[1] 米杰[1] 曹兰华[1] 张新利[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所,北京100020

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2000年第1期28-31,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：卫生部基金

摘　　要：【目的】：　探讨儿童意外事故是造成我国儿童死亡和伤残的主要原因。【方法】　在全国５ 岁以下儿童死亡监测的同时对儿童意外死亡进行了监测。监测采用分层抽样方法，全国共抽取８１ 个市县，监测地区总人口８５５ 万。【结果】　１９９１ 年～１９９５ 年城市、农村及全国１ ～４ 岁儿童死亡的第一位分类死因均为意外死亡。我国０ ～４ 岁儿童意外死亡率从１９９１ 年的８６０ ．３／１０ 万，１９９５ 年降至７０１ ．１／１０ 万，５ 年间下降１８ ．５ ％ 。但同期０ ～４ 岁总死亡率下降２７ ．０ ％ ，其中传染病下降５４ ．１ ％ ，导致我国５ 岁以下儿童意外死亡占总死亡的比例，５ 年间增加１ 个百分点，其中尤其１～４ 岁儿童意外死亡占总死亡已由１９９１ 年的２７ ．３ ％ ，１９９５ 年为３８ ．７ ％ ，５ 年间增加１１ ．４ 个百分点，其构成比的增加是十分明显的。表明我国１ ～４ 岁儿童意外死亡的重要性在９０ 年代仍在增加，与世界的发展趋势是一致的。【结论】　交通意外和跌落死亡率５ 年分别上升５４ ．４ ％ ，２９ ．６ ％ ，交通意外和跌落死亡率的上升可能与我国近年来的交通车辆急剧增加及高楼大厦增多有一定的关系。Objective To search the trend of national accidental aeath among chiildren U5Y. Methods An surveillant study on children accidental death was performed as the same period for national monitoring of the death under five.81 cities and counties covering a population of 8 550 000 were chosen as monitoring site with stratified sampling method. Results Without reference to city,rural area or whole nation,accidental death had been playing the leading cause contributing to the death of children aged 1 to 4 during the period of 1991～1995.During the same period,the proportion of accidental death to overall death had increased remarkable,i.e.the proportion had increased 1 percent point for children under five.And a more remarkable increase for the proportion,saying 11.4 percent point from 27.3% in 1991 to 38.7% in 1995,was observed in the children aged 1～4.The death rate caused by traffic accident and falling had risen 54.4% and 29.6% during the 5 year period,which may attribute to the booming of motor vehicles and high buildings in recent year. Conclusion The importance of accidental death among the children of 1～4 year have been increasing in 1990s.

关 键 词：意外事故 死亡率 流行病学 中国 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]