半干旱黄土丘陵区人工植被深层土壤干化效应  

Soil desiccation in deep soil layers under different vegetation types in the semi-arid loess hilly region

作　　者：杨磊[1,2] 卫伟[1] 陈利顶[1] 蔡国军 贾福岩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]甘肃省林业科学研究院,兰州730020

出　　处：《地理研究》2012年第1期71-81,共11页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40925003;41071122;40801041)

摘　　要：科学评估不同植被恢复模式的土壤干化效应是目前黄土高原生态恢复一个亟需解决的关键问题。本文以半干旱黄土丘陵区14种典型人工植被为例,通过构建土壤水分相对亏缺指数CSWDI和样地土壤水分相对亏缺指数PCSWDI,定量评估了不同植被深层土壤干化效应。研究发现:除农地和撂荒草地外,各植被深层土壤水分均随土层深度的增加而升高,深层土壤水分含量同土层深度之间呈一元线性关系。不同人工植被深层土壤相对干化程度存在差异,以油松林地最高,杨树侧柏混交林地最低。不同植被类型受其自身蒸腾耗水、根系特征和耕作等影响,土壤干化的程度在剖面上存在差异,但总体趋势为随深度增加而降低。针阔叶植被配置模式土壤水分状况要稍好于阔叶纯林的配置模式。Artificial vegetation restoration as an effective way to control serious soil erosion and improve environment conditions has taken several positive environmental effects. However, serious soil desiccation as one of negative effects also appears associated with artificial vegetation restoration lack of scientific guidance, especially in deep soil layers. To recover the fragile ecosystem of the Loess Plateau and maintain sustainable development of this region, proper artificial vegetation types should be selected based on local soil water conditions. However, methods to quantitatively evaluate soil water effect based on local rainfall and soil water conditions is urgently needed to improve, which is one of the top priorities in current research. To quantitatively evaluate the soil desiccation degree in veg- etation types, 14 vegetation types were selected to analyze the eco-hydrological effect in deep soil layers in the typical semi-arid loess hilly region. Compared Soil Water Deficit In- dex （CSWDI） and Plot Compared Soil Water Deficit Index （PCSWDI） were induced to quantitatively analyze the soil water deficit in different vegetation types. The research showed that high-density artificial vegetation was the main reason of deep soil desiccation. Soil water contents in all vegetation types increased with soil depth except abandoned land and farmland, and had a significant linear relationship with soil depth. The degree of soil water deficit of different vegetation types was Pinus tabulaeforrnis forestland〉 Pinus tabulae f ormis and P lat ycladus orientalis mixed forestland〉 Armeniaca sibirica forestland Caragana korshinskii shrubland〉Medicago sativa grassland〉 Platycladus orientalis forestland〉Amygdalus davidiana shurbland〉Armeniaca sibirica and Platycladus orien- talis mixed forestland〉 Populus simonii forestland〉 Populus simonii and Platycladus orientalis mixed forestland. Soil desiccation various in soil profile cause for transpiration, root system characteristics and tillage management

关 键 词：黄土高原 人工植被 植被恢复 土壤干化 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]