长期氮磷化肥配施对不同种植体系土壤水分的影响  

Effect of Application of NP Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Water in the Different Cropping Systems on Dryland of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：危锋[1,2] 郝明德[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院水土保持与荒漠化防治重点学科,昆明650224 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第6期67-70,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09-02;KSCX-YW-09-07);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB118604);国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：利用长期定位实验,在黄土高原旱地研究了22a氮磷化肥配施下不同种植体系土壤水分的变化状况,为合理利用水肥资源提供参考。在小麦连作、豌豆-小麦(2a)+糜子轮作、红豆草-小麦(2a)轮作、豌豆-小麦(2a)+玉米轮作、玉米-小麦(2a)+糜子轮作、小麦(2a)+糜子-玉米轮作6个不同种植体系中,测定土壤剖面(0-300cm)含水量、储水量。结果表明:不同种植体系土壤含水量在土壤剖面上的分布不同,所有处理在土壤剖面140-300cm土层含水量均低于0-140cm土层含水量。不同种植体系在土壤剖面不同土层的储水量不同,在0-300cm土壤储水量各处理表现为豌豆-小麦(2a)+玉米轮作(644.8mm)>小麦(2a)+糜子-玉米轮作(599.6mm)>豌豆-小麦(2a)+糜子轮作(582.3mm)>红豆草-小麦(2a)轮作(574.0mm)>玉米-小麦(2a)+糜子轮作(550.8mm)>小麦连作(536.9mm)。轮作体系0-300cm土壤储水量均高于小麦连作。粮豆轮作土壤储水量高于小麦连作,是黄土高原地区较好的种植方式。To provide a reference for reasonably using soil water resources in dryland faming on the Loess Plateau,soil water contents in soil profiles of different cropping systems under the condition of 22 years＇ continuous application of NP chemical fertilizer on the Loess Plateau were studied.The treatments are wheat succession,pea-wheat（2 a）＋millet rotation,sainfoin-wheat（2 a） rotation,pea-wheat（2 a）＋maize rotation,maize-wheat（2 a）＋millet rotation and wheat（2 a）＋millet-maize rotation systems.Soil water contents and water storages in soil profiles（0-300 cm） in six kinds of different cropping systerms were analyzed.The results showed that the distributions of soil water contents in soil profiles were different in the systems.Water contents in 140-300 cm soil layers were lower than those in 0-140 cm soil layers in all treatments.The soil water storages in different soil layers were different in different cropping systems.The soil water storages in 0-300 cm soil layers decreased as the sequence of pea-wheat（2 a）＋maize rotation（644.8 mm）wheat（2 a）＋millet-maize rotation（599.6 mm）pea-wheat（2 a）＋millet rotation（582.3 mm）sainfoin-wheat（2 a） rotation（574.0 mm）maize-wheat（2 a）＋millet rotation（550.8 mm）wheat succession（536.9 mm）.The results also indicate that the soil water storages of rotation systems in 0-300 cm soil layers were more than wheat succession.Therefore,the grain-legume rotation is the better cropping practice on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：黄土高原 长期试验 氮磷化肥 不同种植体系 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S158.8[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]