重庆市煤矿开采区土壤侵蚀特征及水土保持模式研究  

Research on Soil Erosion Characteristics and Soil and Water Conservation Pattern in Coal Mine Exploration Area of Chongqing

作　　者：张耀方[1] 江东 史东梅[1] 蒋光毅 陈正发[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市水土保持生态环境监测总站,重庆401147

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第6期94-99,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：重庆水利局科技项目"生产建设项目弃土弃渣水土流失规律研究"(2011)

摘　　要：煤矿开采区土壤侵蚀属典型的人为加速侵蚀类型,重庆煤矿开采区典型土壤侵蚀主要集中在矸石山和塌陷区两个侵蚀地貌单元。矸石山土壤侵蚀特征主要表现为在时间上随堆积年限的增加,土壤侵蚀程度减小;在空间上山体坡度减缓、稳定性增强。根据矸石山的立地条件和主要限制因子特点确定其治理难度,并按极难治理型、难治理型、易治理型三类建立植被恢复型水土保持模式。塌陷区土壤侵蚀特征主要表现为过程缓慢、破坏作用强及影响范围大等特点,根据塌陷区土地复垦后的利用类型可分为农业复垦区、林业复垦区、建设复垦区,分别建立煤矸石充填复垦型水土保持模式。植物吸附和铺设粘土层的方法可改善矿区土壤和水体的重金属污染,提高生态环境质量。Soil erosion in coal mining area is characterized as the typical artificially accelerated erosion type.According to the erosion landscape of elements,soil erosion in coal mining area mainly occurred in coal gangue dump and subsidence sites in Chongqing.Characteristics of soil erosion in coal gangue dump is mainly identified as reduction of soil erosion with the increase in length of accumulation time and when the slope became gentle the stability will be enhanced on the space scale.In combination with the conditions and main restriction factor of coal gangue dump,it is divided into three types to establish soil and water conservation pattern： extremely difficult to restore type,difficult to restore type,easy to restore type.Characteristics of soil erosion in subsidence area mainly displayed slow course,intensive damage and wide influence,etc.The specific soil and water conservation pattern based on gangue-filling reclamation could be established for agricultural reclamation,forestry reclamation,construction reclamation,respectively,according to the utilization type after land reclamation in subsidence area.The way of growing plants to adsorb and setting clay layer can reduce heavy metal pollution of soil and water and improve the ecoenvironmental quality in coal mining area.

关 键 词：侵蚀环境 水土保持 煤矿开采区 重庆市 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]