极端干旱区葡萄SPAC系统水流阻力规律研究  

Study on the Rule of Hydraulic Resistance of Grape in SPAC System in Extreme Arid Region

作　　者：刘洪波[1,2] 白云岗 张江辉 虎胆.吐马尔白 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第6期185-189,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD29B05);新疆自治区科技攻关项目(200931105);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001066)

摘　　要：在极端干旱条件下,以成龄无核白葡萄为研究材料,采用滴灌技术研究不同水分处理下气孔阻力连日变化及其与蒸腾速率、土壤水势、叶水势的关系,并分析水流阻力的分布及变化规律。结果表明:各水分处理在灌水后均随着时间的推移,蒸腾速率缓慢下降,其中高水处理的蒸腾速率最大,低水居中,中水最低,气孔阻力与蒸腾速率的变化趋势相反,表现为随灌水时间的延伸而增大;气孔阻力随着叶水势的减小而增大,呈显著负相关关系,且在高水与中水处理中,气孔阻力仅与20cm土层以上土壤水势呈极显著相关,而低水处理气孔阻力与20-30cm土层土壤水势呈极显著相关;在各水流阻力中,叶-气系统水流阻力最大,占该连续体中水流总阻力的98.8%～99.0%,植株体内水流传输阻力次之,占该连续体中水流总阻力的1.0%～1.2%。不同水分处理SPAC系统中的水流阻力变化规律一致,均为叶-气系统水流阻力最大,植株体内水流传输阻力次之,而土壤阻力最小,占该连续体中水流总阻力的比例小到可忽略不计。The water distribution and variation of resistance,the stomatal resistance under different water treatments for a few days,and the relationship between stomatal resistance,soil water potential and leaf water potential were studied with the mature Thompson Seedless grapes as research material,with the drip irrigation technology in the extreme drought condition.The results showed that： the transpiration rate in each of the water treatments is getting slower over time after the irrigation.The transpiration rate of the high water treatment is the highest,the transpiration rate of low water treatment is in the middle,and lowest treatment has the lowest rate.The stomatal resistance performed the opposite trend compared with the transpiration rate,increasing as the irrigation time extends.The stomatal resistance is getting larger as the leaf water potential is getting smaller,showing the negative correlation.The stomatal resistance is only significantly related to soil water potential of 0-20 cm layer in high and middle water treatments,and related to soil water potential between 20 cm and 30 cm significantly in low water treatment.The flow resistance of leaf-air system is the largest in every flow resistances,taking up 98.8%~99.0% of the total flow resistances in this continuum,whereas the flow resistance in the plants ranks the second position,taking up 1.02% ~1.21%.The soil resistance is the smallest,takes the negligible proportion.

关 键 词：葡萄 土壤-植物-大气连续体 水流阻力 气孔阻力 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]