黑龙江风沙土区不同耕作措施对玉米地土壤水分及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Tillage Patterns on Soil Moisture and Yield of Corn in Sandificational Area of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王孟雪[1] 张有利[1] 张玉先[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第6期245-248,251,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"松嫩-三江平原粮食核心产区农田水土调控关键技术研究与示范"(2009BADB3B00)

摘　　要：针对黑龙江省西部风沙土区干旱频繁发生、土壤风蚀严重的特点,采取打茬播种、旋耕播种、免耕等不同保护性耕作措施,与当地传统耕作的玉米进行对比试验。结果表明:旋耕措施对土壤含水量具有显著改善作用。旋耕处理土壤结构较好,能够有效接纳降水,增大储水库容;免耕条件下对土壤水分的影响主要表现在玉米生长前期及中期,免耕处理耕作次数较其它处理少,在春季保持了底层土壤水分。旋耕处理的玉米产量最高,与对照相比增加了31.2%;其次为打茬播种处理,产量比对照增加了13%;免耕处理的玉米产量最低,与对照相比产量降低了20.4%。For the features of frequent droughts and serious soil erosion in sandificational area of Heilongjiang Province,the conservation tillage of fight stubble,rotary tillage and no-tillage were comparison with the local traditional tillage.The results showed that the soil moisture was improved significantly by rotary measure.Under the condition of rotary treatment,structure of soil was better and able to retain the precipitation effectively for increasing the capacity of water storage.The effects on soil moisture were mainly at prophase and medium-term of maize growth.In spring no-tillage treatment effectively kept the soil moisture because the times of farming were less than other treatments.The corn yield of rotary treatment was the highest and increased by 31.2% compared with the traditional one.The yield of fight stubble treatment was increased by 13% compared with the traditional one.The corn yield of no-tillage was the lowest and reduced by 20.4% compared with the control treatment.

关 键 词：玉米 耕作 土壤含水量 产量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]