自组装效应对AM/NVP共聚的影响  

Self-assembly Effects on the Radical Copolymerization of Acrylamide with N-vinyl Pyrrolidone

作　　者：刘锐[1] 蒲万芬[1] 金发扬[1] 彭琴[1] 于小荣 姚锋盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610500

出　　处：《广州化学》2011年第4期10-16,共7页Guangzhou Chemistry

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏高效开发技术应用"资助项目(20082X05049-05-03)

摘　　要：研究了丙烯酰胺(AM)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)在水/四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中的自由基共聚。发现,当水溶液中含THF,AM的聚合速率下降,NVP的聚合速率提高。黏度测定发现,在THF质量分数为28%,AM/NVP物质的量比为5∶1的水/THF体系中,共聚物的黏度达到最大值,与该体系中NVP的聚合速率达到最大值相一致。溶液中加入氯化钠,AM的聚合速率提高,但随THF的含量增加而降低。加入尿素,在含水率达到较大值,NVP聚合速率最大。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和核磁共振谱(NMR)对聚合物结构进行了表征。在水/THF中,共聚物链自组装形成"核―壳"状微聚体。NVP上的五元环聚集成"核"状,共聚物链的酰胺基团尽量舒展,形成"壳"状。溶剂的组成变化伴随"核―壳"状微聚体半径的改变,影响AM和NVP的聚合速率。The radical copolymerization of acrylamide （AM） with N-vinyl pyrrolidone （NVP） in the mixture of water and tetrahydrofuran （THF） of various compositions is investigated. The rate of AM polymerization sharply decreases, while the rate of NVP significantly increases when THF is added to water solution. The viscosity of copolymer attains optimal value when the molar ratio of AM and NVP is 5 to 1 at the mass concentration 28% of THF, which is correspondence with the optimal reaction rate of NVP in the same system. On one hand, the addition of sodium chloride is accompanied by an increase on polymerization rate of AM in the condition of little THF. On the other hand, in the presence of urea, the polymerization rate of NVP increases and the maximum moves towards smaller contents of THF. The structure of the copolymer has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The obtained results demonstrated that the self-assembly of polymer chains forming micelle-type micro-aggregates consisting of the core and shell plays a crucial role on the polymerization rate of AM and NVP in the mixed reaction system.

关 键 词：自由基共聚 自组装效应 “核-壳”状微聚体 聚合速率 

分 类 号：O632.6[理学—高分子化学]